Planning I/UCRC University of Connecticut: Center for Science of Heterogeneous Additive Printing of 3D Materials (SHAP3D)

增材制造技术广泛应用于各种行业，包括消费品、汽车、医疗、航空航天和机械。增材制造行业在2015年超过50亿美元，预计在未来五年内将超过200亿美元。它已成为世界各国极具竞争力的研究领域。为了确保美国在这一新兴领域的全球领导地位，学术合作伙伴（目前包括佐治亚理工学院（GT），康涅狄格大学（UConn）和马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校（UML））聚集在一起创建了3D材料异质增材打印科学中心（SHAP3D）。SHAP3D将通过解决基础研究挑战，满足工业对异质材料3D打印的商业需求，为工业、政府和学术界的不同利益服务。SHAP3D将开发关键和必要的洞察基本加工结构属性关系，以预测和控制3D打印不同材料的集成。SHAP3D的工作将是至关重要的，因为行业采用3D打印的产品原型，工具和更大规模的生产，有三个具体的经济成果。首先，该中心将追求更高性能的材料和复合材料，使产品多样化和重量更轻，以最大限度地降低总生命周期成本和环境足迹。其次，为了最大限度地降低加工成本，该中心将探索更优化和并行的工艺，以更快地打印出更高分辨率的产品。第三，SHAP3D将研究界面物理和设计概念，以整合不同的材料，以促进多功能组件/产品，扩大3D打印应用的数量，并扩大市场规模。与行业合作伙伴的积极合作将确保与未来劳动力的教育和培训相关，以加快3D打印方法在制造过程中的采用和集成。这三所大学将设立专门的奖学基金，以招收多样化的研究生。该奖学金基金的一部分将直接用于来自少数族裔服务机构（包括社区学院）的代表性不足的学生。康涅狄格州支持航空航天和造船部门的大量公司将受益于I/UCRC。康州大学吗?美国增材制造创新中心（AMIC）已经向120多家公司和政府机构介绍了最先进的增材制造技术。隶属于UCRC的教师也参与了许多针对学生、行业和公众的成熟的外展项目。例如，2015年在康涅狄格大学与非营利组织&amp；#8232；康涅狄格州青年论坛。该论坛通过民间对话、服务学习和领导力发展活动，为700多名城市、郊区和农村青年赋权。在这一奖项的支持下，康涅狄格大学的团队将与康涅狄格大学的工程多样性计划和学生领导的3D打印俱乐部密切合作，启动新的教育推广计划，特别是针对哈特福德和威廉曼蒂克市中心少数民族人口众多的高中。除了通过现有的NSF REU和BRIDGE项目提供行业研讨会和相关项目外，康涅狄格洲大学的团队还将与当地的行业合作伙伴和专业组织协调，创造新的高级设计项目和合作/实习机会。SHAP3D中心将进行研究，了解异质材料的合成、性能和加工，以整合到复杂的增材制造产品中。SHAP3D设想的工作将包括许多不同的增材打印方法，如熔融沉积建模（FDM）、选择性激光烧结（SLS）、立体光刻（SLA）、聚/喷墨和其他增材方法。该中心将进行基本的材料建模和加工研究，以建立和转化经过验证的材料和工艺给学生和从业者。该中心将实现：(i)合理设计和创造新材料原料，（ii）了解材料特性、协议和设计规则，这些规则必须进行表征和开发，以优化工艺并预测由多种聚合物材料（例如，不同的组成材料、填料/添加剂和界面）制成的产品和部件的特性。康涅狄格大学拟议的技术活动将利用工程学院（SoE）和材料科学研究所（IMS）的现有优势。四个重点领域是：(i)软材料的增材制造和与金属和/或陶瓷材料的集成，（ii）柔性混合电子，（iii）多功能复合材料。用于航空航天和生物应用，以及（iv）可扩展的纳米制造。这些领域将得到跨学科教师团队的进一步支持，他们在材料科学、机械、计算和模拟、大数据处理和机器学习方面拥有深厚的知识。特别关注的是多材料3D打印，它进一步实现了聚合物和非聚合物的协同使用，以最适合特定应用的方式，最大限度地发挥更广泛的影响。

Additive manufacturing technologies are widely used in a variety of industries including consumer products, automotive, medical, aerospace, and machinery. The additive manufacturing industry exceeds $5 billion in 2015 and is expected to top $20 billion within the next five years. It has become an extremely competitive area of research in countries around the world. To ensure US' global leadership in this emerging field originated from the US, academic partners (currently including Georgia Institute of Technology (GT), University of Connecticut (UConn), and University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML)) have come together to create the Center for Science of Heterogeneous Additive Printing of 3D Materials (SHAP3D). SHAP3D will serve the diverse interests of industry, government, and academia by addressing fundamental research challenges to meet the commercial needs of industry for 3D printing of heterogeneous materials. SHAP3D will develop the critical and necessary insight into fundamental processing-structure-property relationships to predict and control the integration of diverse materials for 3D printing. The work of SHAP3D will be critical as the industry adopts 3D printing for product prototyping, tooling, and higher volume manufacturing with three specific economic outcomes. First, the Center will pursue higher performance materials and composites that enable diverse and lighter weight products to minimize total life cycle costs and environmental footprint. Second, in order to minimize processing costs, the Center will explore more optimal and parallel processes to more quickly print products with higher resolution. Third, SHAP3D will investigate interfacial physics and design concepts for integrating dissimilar materials to facilitate multi-functional components/products, broaden the number of 3D printed applications, and increase market size. Active collaboration with industry partners will ensure relevance to education and training of the future workforce to expedite the adoption and integration of 3D printing methods into manufacturing processes. The three institutions will create a scholarship fund specifically for the recruitment of diverse graduate students. A portion of this scholarship fund will be directed to underrepresented students from minority serving institutions, including community colleges. A large number of companies in Connecticut supporting the aerospace and shipbuilding sectors will benefit from the I/UCRC. UConn?s Additive Manufacturing Innovation Center (AMIC) has introduced state-of-the-art additive manufacturing to over 120 companies and government agencies. Faculty members affiliated with this I/UCRC have also participated in many well-established outreach programs targeting students, industry, and the general public. For instance, an additive manufacturing workshop was held at UConn in 2015 in collaboration with non-profit 
Connecticut Youth Forum. This Forum empowers over 700 urban, suburban and rural youth through civil dialogue, service learning, and leadership development activities. With the support of this award, the UConn team will work closely with the Engineering Diversity Program and student-led 3D Printing Club at UConn to initiate new educational outreach programs, especially targeting high schools in inner city Hartford and Willimantic with high minority populations. In addition to offering industry workshops and relevant projects through existing NSF REU and BRIDGE programs, the UConn team will also coordinate with local industry partners and professional organizations to create new senior design projects and co-op/internship opportunities.The SHAP3D Center will perform research to understand the synthesis, properties, and processing of heterogeneous materials for integration into complex, additively manufactured products. The work SHAP3D envisions would encompass many different additive printing methods, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), poly/ink jet, and other additive approaches. The Center will perform fundamental material modeling and processing research to establish and translate validated materials and processes to students and practitioners. The proposed center will enable: (i) the rational design and creation of new material feedstocks and, (ii) the understanding of material properties, protocols, and design rules that must be characterized and developed to optimize the process and predict the properties of products and parts created from multiple polymer materials (e.g., different constituent materials, fillers/additives, and interfaces). The proposed technical activities at UConn will draw from the existing strengths of the School of Engineering (SoE) and the Institute of Materials Science (IMS). The four thrust areas are: (i) additive manufacturing of soft materials and integration with metallic and/or ceramic materials, (ii) flexible hybrid electronics, (iii) multifunctional composites
 for aerospace and biological applications, and (iv) scalable nano-manufacturing. These areas will be further supported by interdisciplinary faculty teams with deep knowledge in materials science, machinery, computations and simulations, big data processing, and machine learning. Of particular focus is multi-material 3D printing, which further enables the synergistic use of polymers and non-polymers in ways that best suit a specific application, maximizing the broader impact.