Planning I/UCRC University of Massachusetts Lowell: Center for Science of Heterogeneous Additive Printing of 3D Materials (SHAP3D)

添加剂制造技术广泛应用于各种行业，包括消费品、汽车、医疗、航空航天和机械。添加剂制造业在2015年超过50亿美元，预计在未来五年内将超过200亿美元。在世界各国，它已经成为一个竞争激烈的研究领域。为了确保美国在这一新兴领域的全球领先地位源于美国，学术合作伙伴(目前包括佐治亚理工学院(GT)、康涅狄格大学(UConn)和马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校(UML))联合成立了3D材料异质添加剂打印科学中心(SHAP3D)。SHAP3D将通过解决基本研究挑战来满足行业对异质材料3D打印的商业需求，从而服务于行业、政府和学术界的不同利益。SHAP3D将发展对基本工艺-结构-性能关系的关键和必要的洞察，以预测和控制3D打印的不同材料的集成。SHAP3D的工作将是至关重要的，因为该行业采用3D打印进行产品原型、工具和更大批量的制造，并产生三个具体的经济结果。首先，该中心将追求性能更高的材料和复合材料，使多样化和轻量化的产品能够将总生命周期成本和环境足迹降至最低。第二，为了最大限度地减少加工成本，中心将探索更优化和更并行的工艺，以更快、更高分辨率打印产品。第三，SHAP3D将研究界面物理和设计概念，以整合不同的材料，以促进多功能部件/产品，扩大3D打印应用的数量，并扩大市场规模。与行业伙伴的积极合作将确保与未来劳动力的教育和培训相关，以加快3D打印方法的采用和整合到制造过程中。这三所院校将设立一个奖学金基金，专门用于招收不同类型的研究生。这笔奖学金的一部分将发放给少数族裔服务机构(包括社区学院)中代表性不足的学生。与该IUCRC相关的统一建模语言教育项目面向统一建模语言学院和当地社区学院的本科生和研究生、K-12学生和行业专业人员。将为现有的本科生和研究生课程、在线教学和工业研讨会开发和提供关于加法制造的模块。将为K-12学生修改模块，UTeach项目的本科生将在当地高中和K-12学生中引入添加剂制造。本科生将有机会通过特定的项目、联合技术合作奖学金计划(一年级和二年级)、高级顶峰计划以及联合技术计划的计划进行研究，该计划允许本科生和研究生在该中心的行业合作伙伴的设施中度过三到六个月的时间。SHAP3D中心将进行研究，以了解异质材料的合成、性能和加工，以便集成到复杂的、可添加制造的产品中。SHAP3D的工作设想将包括许多不同的添加剂印刷方法，如熔融沉积建模(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)、立体平版印刷(SLA)、聚/喷墨和其他添加剂方法。该中心将进行基础材料建模和加工研究，以建立并向学生和实践者翻译经过验证的材料和过程。拟建的中心将有助于：(I)合理设计和创造新的材料原料；(Ii)了解材料特性、规程和设计规则，这些材料特性、规程和设计规则必须加以表征和制定，以优化工艺并预测由多种聚合物材料(例如，不同的组成材料、填料/添加剂和界面)制成的产品和部件的性能。以其集合成、表征、加工和设计为一体的跨学科一体化的塑料工程项目而闻名国际。联合技术学院的参与教员将提供聚合物/塑料材料的研究、产品设计和加工。教师之间的合作提供了从艺术到部分的能力。并将产品设计理念转化为现实，并研究和发展聚合物材料、复合原料、模具/工具以及塑料转化机械和传感器的行业供应链。

Additive manufacturing technologies are widely used in a variety of industries including consumer products, automotive, medical, aerospace, and machinery. The additive manufacturing industry exceeds $5 billion in 2015 and is expected to top $20 billion within the next five years. It has become an extremely competitive area of research in countries around the world. To ensure US' global leadership in this emerging field originated from the US, academic partners (currently including Georgia Institute of Technology (GT), University of Connecticut (UConn), and University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML)) have come together to create the Center for Science of Heterogeneous Additive Printing of 3D Materials (SHAP3D). SHAP3D will serve the diverse interests of industry, government, and academia by addressing fundamental research challenges to meet the commercial needs of industry for 3D printing of heterogeneous materials. SHAP3D will develop the critical and necessary insight into fundamental processing-structure-property relationships to predict and control the integration of diverse materials for 3D printing. The work of SHAP3D will be critical as the industry adopts 3D printing for product prototyping, tooling, and higher volume manufacturing with three specific economic outcomes. First, the Center will pursue higher performance materials and composites that enable diverse and lighter weight products to minimize total life cycle costs and environmental footprint. Second, in order to minimize processing costs, the Center will explore more optimal and parallel processes to more quickly print products with higher resolution. Third, SHAP3D will investigate interfacial physics and design concepts for integrating dissimilar materials to facilitate multi-functional components/products, broaden the number of 3D printed applications, and increase market size. Active collaboration with industry partners will ensure relevance to education and training of the future workforce to expedite the adoption and integration of 3D printing methods into manufacturing processes. The three institutions will create a scholarship fund specifically for the recruitment of diverse graduate students. A portion of this scholarship fund will be directed to underrepresented students from minority serving institutions, including community colleges. UML educational programs associated with this IUCRC target undergraduate and graduate students at UML and local community colleges, K-12 students, and industry professionals. Modules on additive manufacturing will be developed and delivered for existing undergraduate and graduate courses, for on-line teaching, and for industrial seminars. Modules will be modified for K-12 students, with undergraduate students in the UTeach program introducing additive manufacturing at local high schools and to K-12 students. Undergraduates will have opportunities to perform research through specific projects, UML's Co-op Scholar program (for freshman and sophomores), senior capstone projects, and UML's programs to allow undergraduate and graduate students to spend three to six-month-long periods at the Center's industry partners' facilities. The SHAP3D Center will perform research to understand the synthesis, properties, and processing of heterogeneous materials for integration into complex, additively manufactured products. The work SHAP3D envisions would encompass many different additive printing methods, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), poly/ink jet, and other additive approaches. The Center will perform fundamental material modeling and processing research to establish and translate validated materials and processes to students and practitioners. The proposed center will enable: (i) the rational design and creation of new material feedstocks and, (ii) the understanding of material properties, protocols, and design rules that must be characterized and developed to optimize the process and predict the properties of products and parts created from multiple polymer materials (e.g., different constituent materials, fillers/additives, and interfaces). UML is internationally known for its plastics engineering program with its interdisciplinary integration of synthesis, characterization, processing, and design. Participating faculty members at UML will provide research polymer/plastic materials, their product design and processing. Collaboration among faculty provides the capability to go from ?art to part? and convert product design concepts to reality, and also to research and develop the industry supply chain for the polymeric materials, compounded feedstock, molds/tools, as well as the plastics conversion machinery and sensors.