Collaborative research: Disease ecology in the midst of anthropogenic stressors: Exploring the influence of pesticides on host-parasite interactions

合作研究：人为应激源中的疾病生态学：探索农药对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响

• 批准号: 1655168
• 负责人: Rick Relyea
• 金额: $ 25.35万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655168&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Disease; ecology; midst

Wild populations are increasingly influenced by human activities including habitat destruction, introduced species, and pollution. As the human population continues to grow, along with our needs for food, our reliance on pesticides to control a variety of pests will intensify. Therefore, pesticides contamination of natural systems will persist. Recent research suggests that some wild populations exposed to pesticides can evolve tolerance over multiple generations or induce tolerance within a single generation. Both of these mechanisms can improve survival when exposed to pesticides. However, each mechanism may lead to different costs that alter the way organisms interact with other members of their community. An increasing number of studies have focused on the effects of pesticides on the interaction between host and their parasites. However, research that examines the influence of evolutionary responses to pesticides on disease dynamics remains limited. The study seeks to understand how evolutionary responses to contaminants may affect host-parasite interactions in aquatic communities. Specifically, the study asks the following questions: (1) Can hosts and parasites evolve tolerance to pesticides? 2) Can hosts and parasites induce tolerance to pesticides within a single generation? 3) How do the two different mechanisms of tolerance influence host-parasite interactions? This research tackles two issues of societal interest such as environmental contamination and transmission of pathogens. In addition, the project focuses on taxa that are declining globally (i.e. amphibians) and habitats that are of increasing conservation concern (i.e. wetlands). The investigators will develop a teaching module for K-12 educators. The teaching module will highlight the role of evolution and ecology in modern toxicology. The study will also provide training for undergraduate and graduate students including minorities, women, and first-generation college students. Overall, this study can provide valuable information that can be used to understand the effects of pesticides from both applied and basic research views.This research will use recent observations of evolved and induced pesticide tolerance in relation to proximity to agriculture as a foundation to explore how pesticide tolerance influences host-parasite interactions. The study will use a parasite (Echinoparyphium) and its intermediate aquatic host species (pond snail and larval wood frog). Using a series of toxicity and host-infection assays across these multiple hosts and parasite life stages, the proposed research will: (1) Analyze landscape patterns of baseline pesticide tolerance across a gradient of agricultural land use. The investigators predict that baseline pesticide tolerance will be higher in parasite and snail populations surrounded by more agriculture than in those surrounded by less agriculture. (2) Evaluate the occurrence of inducible pesticide tolerance in natural populations. The investigators expect a greater magnitude of induced pesticide tolerance in populations surrounded by less agriculture than in those surrounded by more agriculture. (3) Determine the effects of constitutive and inducible pesticide tolerance on host-parasite interactions. The investigators predict that the outcome of the interactions will depend on the relative sensitivity of the hosts and parasites to pesticides.

野生种群越来越受到人类活动的影响，包括栖息地破坏、引进物种和污染。随着人口的不断增长以及我们对食物的需求，我们对农药控制各种害虫的依赖将会加剧。因此，农药对自然系统的污染将持续存在。最近的研究表明，一些接触农药的野生种群可以在多代中进化出耐受性或在单代内诱导耐受性。这两种机制都可以提高接触农药时的存活率。然而，每种机制可能会导致不同的成本，从而改变生物体与其群落其他成员相互作用的方式。越来越多的研究关注农药对宿主与其寄生虫之间相互作用的影响。然而，研究农药进化反应对疾病动态影响的研究仍然有限。该研究旨在了解对污染物的进化反应如何影响水生群落中宿主与寄生虫的相互作用。具体来说，该研究提出了以下问题：（1）宿主和寄生虫能否进化出对农药的耐受性？ 2）宿主和寄生虫能否在一代人内诱导出对农药的耐受性？ 3）两种不同的耐受机制如何影响宿主-寄生虫相互作用？这项研究解决了两个社会关注的问题，例如环境污染和病原体传播。此外，该项目还重点关注全球范围内正在减少的类群（即两栖动物）和日益受到保护关注的栖息地（即湿地）。研究人员将为 K-12 教育工作者开发一个教学模块。该教学模块将强调进化论和生态学在现代毒理学中的作用。 该研究还将为包括少数民族、女性和第一代大学生在内的本科生和研究生提供培训。总的来说，这项研究可以提供有价值的信息，可用于从应用和基础研究的角度了解农药的影响。这项研究将利用最近对与农业相关的进化和诱导农药耐受性的观察作为基础，探索农药耐受性如何影响宿主与寄生虫的相互作用。该研究将使用寄生虫（Echinoparyphium）及其中间水生宿主物种（池塘蜗牛和幼虫林蛙）。通过对这些多个宿主和寄生虫生命阶段进行一系列毒性和宿主感染测定，拟议的研究将：（1）分析农业用地利用梯度上基线农药耐受性的景观模式。研究人员预测，农业较多的寄生虫和蜗牛种群的基线农药耐受性将高于农业较少的寄生虫和蜗牛种群。 (2)评估自然群体中诱导性农药耐受性的发生情况。研究人员预计，农业较少的人群比农业较多的人群诱导的农药耐受性更大。 (3) 确定组成型和诱导型农药耐受性对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响。研究人员预测，相互作用的结果将取决于宿主和寄生虫对农药的相对敏感性。

项目成果

Impacts of salinization on aquatic communities: Abrupt vs. gradual exposures

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117636
• 发表时间: 2021-07-03
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Delaune, Kelbi D.;Nesich, David;Relyea, Rick A.
• 通讯作者: Relyea, Rick A.

The morphological effects of artificial light at night on amphibian predators and prey are masked at the community level

夜间人造光对两栖动物捕食者和猎物的形态影响在群落层面被掩盖

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119604
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Pollution
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Shidemantle, Grascen;Blackwood, Jurnee;Horn, Kelsey;Velasquez, Isabela;Ronan, Emily;Reinke, Beth;Hua, Jessica
• 通讯作者: Hua, Jessica

Temperature affects the toxicity of pesticides to cercariae of the trematode Echinostoma trivolvis

温度影响农药对三轮棘口吸虫尾蚴的毒性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106102
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Aquatic Toxicology
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Billet, Logan S.;Belskis, Alice;Hoverman, Jason T.
• 通讯作者: Hoverman, Jason T.

Effects of Freshwater Salinization and Biotic Stressors on Amphibian Morphology

淡水盐碱化和生物应激对两栖动物形态的影响

• DOI: 10.1643/h2020070
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Ichthyology & Herpetology
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Lewis, Jacquelyn L.;Borrelli, Jonathan J.;Jones, Devin K.;Relyea, Rick A.
• 通讯作者: Relyea, Rick A.

The effects of different cold‐temperature regimes on development, growth, and susceptibility to an abiotic and biotic stressor

不同冷温条件对发育、生长以及对非生物和生物应激源的敏感性的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4957
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Wersebe, Matthew;Blackwood, Paradyse;Guo, Ying Tong;Jaeger, Jared;May, Dyllan;Meindl, George;Ryan, Sean N.;Wong, Vivian;Hua, Jessica
• 通讯作者: Hua, Jessica