The effect of lands surrounding fragmented landscapes: theory development and novel experimental tests

破碎景观周围土地的影响：理论发展和新颖的实验测试

• 批准号: 1655555
• 负责人: Robert Fletcher
• 金额: $ 52.5万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655555&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: effect; lands; surrounding; fragmented; landscapes

Species are declining across the world. The destruction of plant and animal habitat is a well-known cause for such declines. It is less appreciated that lands surrounding remaining suitable habitats, termed "the matrix" can be important for species. Observations suggest that in many situations, these lands can be necessary for the survival of species. Understanding why these effects occur is important for advancing our knowledge on land-use change. This research will address these issues by providing novel field experiments to understand both habitat and non-habitat effects on species. The results will be used to provide solutions for mitigating the deleterious effects of habitat destruction on natural populations of species. It will also provide broader impacts to society by developing videos on the findings which will be presented to the public at a natural history museum. In this project, the researchers will conduct field experiments designed to elucidate effects of the matrix on populations. They will also develop theoretical models of this study system which can be applied to other similar systems in which species typically live in habitats surrounded by unsuitable lands (the matrix). The study system consists of two species of insect herbivores that specialize on prickly pear cactus and vary in dispersal ability. The cactus plants are the suitable habitats, occurring in clumps surrounded by a variety of grass species which is the matrix. The experiments will manipulate habitat size, degree of fragmentation (number of habitats and distance between habitats) and quality of the matrix land to test how each of these factors affects the population dynamics of the subject species. The results will be used to evaluate the importance of matrix effects relative to the well-known effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Model development will contextualize these results and will provide new solutions for predicting the effects of the matrix on connectivity and population dynamics.

世界各地的物种都在减少。动植物栖息地的破坏是造成这种下降的一个众所周知的原因。人们较少意识到，围绕剩余适宜栖息地的土地，被称为“母体”，对物种可能是重要的。观察表明，在许多情况下，这些土地可能是物种生存所必需的。了解这些影响发生的原因对于推进我们对土地利用变化的认识是很重要的。这项研究将通过提供新颖的野外实验来解决这些问题，以了解栖息地和非栖息地对物种的影响。研究结果将被用来为减轻栖息地破坏对物种自然种群的有害影响提供解决方案。它还将通过制作关于这些发现的视频来对社会产生更广泛的影响，这些视频将在自然历史博物馆向公众展示。在这个项目中，研究人员将进行实地实验，旨在阐明基质对种群的影响。他们还将开发这一研究系统的理论模型，这些模型可以应用于其他类似的系统，在这些系统中，物种通常生活在被不合适的土地(矩阵)包围的栖息地。研究系统由两种昆虫食草动物组成，它们专门吃花椒仙人掌，传播能力各不相同。仙人掌植物是适宜的栖息地，成丛生长，周围环绕着各种草本植物，这就是基质。实验将控制栖息地的大小、碎片化程度(栖息地的数量和栖息地之间的距离)和基质土地的质量，以测试这些因素中的每一个如何影响受试物种的种群动态。结果将被用来评估基质效应相对于众所周知的栖息地丧失和碎片化的影响的重要性。模型开发将把这些结果联系起来，并将为预测矩阵对连通性和人口动态的影响提供新的解决办法。

项目成果

Towards a unified framework for connectivity that disentangles movement and mortality in space and time

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.13333
• 发表时间: 2019-07-25
• 期刊: ECOLOGY LETTERS
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.;Sefair, Jorge A.;Acevedo, Miguel A.
• 通讯作者: Acevedo, Miguel A.

From nature reserve to mosaic management: Improving matrix survival, not permeability, benefits regional populations under habitat loss and fragmentation

从自然保护区到镶嵌管理：改善基质生存而不是渗透性，使栖息地丧失和破碎的区域人口受益

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14122
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Yamaura, Yuichi;Fletcher, Robert J.;Lade, Steven J.;Higa, Motoki;Lindenmayer, David
• 通讯作者: Lindenmayer, David

A framework for linking dispersal biology to connectivity across landscapes

• DOI: 10.1007/s10980-023-01741-8
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Landscape Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: R. Fletcher;M. E. Iezzi;R. Guralnick;Andrew J. Marx;S. Ryan;D. Valle

Validating network connectivity with observed movement in experimental landscapes undergoing habitat destruction

通过在经历栖息地破坏的实验景观中观察到的运动来验证网络连接

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13624
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Poli, Caroline;Hightower, Jessica;Fletcher, Jr., Robert J.;Kaplan, ed., Ian
• 通讯作者: Kaplan, ed., Ian

Is habitat fragmentation good for biodiversity?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.022
• 发表时间: 2018-10-01
• 期刊: BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.;Didham, Raphael K.;Haddad, Nick M.
• 通讯作者: Haddad, Nick M.