LTER: Beaufort Sea Lagoons: An Arctic Coastal Ecosystem in Transition

LTER：波弗特泻湖：转型中的北极沿海生态系统

• 批准号: 1656026
• 负责人: Kenneth Dunton
• 金额: $ 563.35万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656026&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Beaufort; Sea; Lagoons; Arctic

This project will establish a new Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site along the Alaskan Arctic coastline. Research based out of Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Deadhorse, and Kaktovik will address how changes in shoreline erosion and freshwater inflows to the coastal ocean over seasonal, annual, and longer timeframes influence near-shore food webs. Research will be conducted in collaboration with local stakeholder groups and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This research will advance our fundamental understanding of how input of materials from land and oceanographic conditions interact to influence coastal food webs. It will also allow us to track and understand: 1) how natural climate cycles influence coastal ecosystems in the Arctic, and 2) how climate change effects such as permafrost thaw, shifting precipitation regimes, and losses of sea ice alter coastal ecosystems. Near-shore food webs along the Alaskan Arctic coastline support large populations of migratory fish and waterfowl that are essential to the culture of Iñupiat communities of northern Alaska. The research at this LTER site will create a framework for anticipating the impacts of future changes on the coastal ecosystem that are of great concern to these communities. Results from this LTER program will also be of interest to a broader science community that is working to understand potential connections between Arctic change and global carbon cycling. Finally, this LTER project includes a strong commitment to education through graduate and undergraduate student involvement, post-doctoral mentoring, continuation of a very successful Summer Science K-12 Program in Kaktovik, and establishment of a parallel K-12 program in Utqiagvik. In addition, this project will employ native high school seniors or recently graduated students living in Utqiagvik and Kaktovik as field research assistants. Recent studies suggest that the ecological framework for understanding what controls food web structure needs to be expanded to include temporal forcing. More specifically, there is mounting evidence that differential availability of seasonally-distinct resources is critical for defining trophic linkages and maintaining stability and resilience of food webs. This new LTER program will use lagoons along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast as experimental units to test this concept, and broaden it to include temporal variations over longer timeframes. The Beaufort lagoons are ideal for testing this concept because they experience extreme variability in seasonal cycles, which are now subject to rapid directional shifts driven by climate change. Our overarching question is: How do variations in terrestrial inputs, local production, and exchange between lagoon and ocean waters over seasonal, inter-annual, inter-decadal, and longer timeframes interact to control food web structure through effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling, microbial and metazoan community composition, and trophic linkages? Arctic lagoons provide a unique opportunity to study these interactions in the absence of fringing wetlands that often modulate land-ocean interactions in other lagoon systems. In addition, barrier island geomorphology, which exerts a strong control on water exchange between lagoons and the open ocean, is highly dynamic in the Arctic because sea-ice effects on coastal geomorphology are superimposed on the effects of currents, sea level, and waves. Thus, connections between inputs from land and lagoon ecosystems are more direct, and water exchanges between lagoons and the open ocean are more variable than is typical of lower latitude systems. Specific study sites will be located in Elson Lagoon (western Beaufort), Simpson Lagoon and Stefansson Sound (central Beaufort), and Kaktovik and Jago lagoons (eastern Beaufort). The LTER will include seasonal field work during ice covered, ice break-up, and open water periods and also include sensor deployments for continuous measurements of key biogeochemical and hydrographic parameters.

该项目将在沿着阿拉斯加北极海岸线建立一个新的长期生态研究（LTER）场地。基于Utqiagvik（以前的巴罗），Deadhorse和Kaktovik的研究将解决海岸线侵蚀和淡水流入沿海海洋的季节性，年度和更长时间范围内的变化如何影响近岸食物网。研究将与当地利益相关者团体和美国鱼类和野生动物管理局合作进行。这项研究将推进我们对来自陆地和海洋条件的物质输入如何相互作用影响沿海食物网的基本理解。它还将使我们能够跟踪和了解：1）自然气候循环如何影响北极的沿海生态系统，以及2）气候变化的影响，如永久冻土融化，降水变化和海冰损失如何改变沿海生态系统。 沿着阿拉斯加北极海岸线的近岸食物网供养着大量的洄游鱼类和水禽，这些鱼类和水禽对阿拉斯加北方的伊努皮亚特社区的文化至关重要。在这一长距离接触试验地点的研究将建立一个框架，以预测未来变化对这些社区极为关注的沿海生态系统的影响。这个LTER项目的结果也将引起更广泛的科学界的兴趣，这些科学界正在努力了解北极变化和全球碳循环之间的潜在联系。最后，这个LTER项目包括通过研究生和本科生的参与，博士后指导，在卡克托维克一个非常成功的夏季科学K-12计划的延续，并在Utqiagvik建立一个平行的K-12计划，对教育的坚定承诺。此外，该项目还将雇用居住在乌特恰格维克和卡克托维克的本地高中毕业生或最近毕业的学生担任实地研究助理。最近的研究表明，理解什么控制食物网结构的生态框架需要扩大到包括时间强迫。更具体地说，有越来越多的证据表明，季节性不同的资源的差异性是至关重要的定义营养联系和维持稳定性和恢复力的食物网。这个新的LTER计划将使用沿着阿拉斯加博福特海海岸的泻湖作为实验单元来测试这个概念，并将其扩展到包括更长时间范围内的时间变化。博福特泻湖是测试这一概念的理想选择，因为它们经历了季节周期的极端变化，现在受到气候变化驱动的快速方向转变的影响。我们首要的问题是：如何在陆地输入，当地生产，泻湖和海洋沃茨之间的交换在季节，年际，年代际和更长的时间框架的变化相互作用，以控制食物网结构，通过对碳和氮循环，微生物和后生动物群落组成的影响，和营养联系？北极泻湖提供了一个独特的机会，研究这些相互作用的边缘湿地，往往调制在其他泻湖系统的陆地-海洋相互作用的情况下。此外，障壁岛地貌对泻湖和开阔海洋之间的水交换具有很强的控制作用，在北极地区具有很强的动态性，因为海冰对沿海地貌的影响与海流、海平面和波浪的影响叠加在一起。因此，来自陆地和泻湖生态系统的输入之间的联系更加直接，泻湖和开阔海洋之间的水交换比低纬度系统的典型情况更加多变。 具体研究中心将位于Elson Lagoon（博福特西部）、Simpson Lagoon和Stefansson Sound（博福特中部）以及Kaktovik和Jago Lagoon（博福特东部）。LTER将包括在冰层覆盖、冰层破裂和开放水域期间的季节性实地工作，还包括传感器部署，以持续测量关键的地球化学和水文参数。

项目成果

Changing characteristics of runoff and freshwater export from watersheds draining northern Alaska

• DOI: 10.5194/tc-13-3337-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: The Cryosphere
• 作者: M. Rawlins;L. Cai;S. Stuefer;D. Nicolsky

Monitoring Alaskan Arctic Shelf Ecosystems Through Collaborative Observation Networks

通过协作观测网络监测阿拉斯加北极陆架生态系统

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2022.119
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Danielson, Seth;Grebmeier, Jacqueline;Iken, Katrin;Berchok, Catherine;Britt, Lyle;Dunton, Kenneth;Eisner, Lisa;Farley, Edward;Fujiwara, Amane;Hauser, Donna
• 通讯作者: Hauser, Donna

Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor

北极沿海海底卫星产生的光合有效辐射

• DOI: 10.3390/rs14205180
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Singh, Rakesh Kumar;Vader, Anna;Mundy, Christopher J.;Søreide, Janne E.;Iken, Katrin;Dunton, Kenneth H.;Castro de la Guardia, Laura;Sejr, Mikael K.;Bélanger, Simon
• 通讯作者: Bélanger, Simon

Marine Pelagic Ecosystem Responses to Climate Variability and Change

• DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac050
• 发表时间: 2022-08-16
• 期刊: BIOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 10.1
• 作者: Ducklow, Hugh;Cimino, Megan;Sosik, Heidi M.
• 通讯作者: Sosik, Heidi M.

Borealization of nearshore fishes on an interior Arctic shelf over multiple decades

几十年来北极内陆架近岸鱼类的北化

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16576
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Global Change Biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: von Biela, Vanessa R.;Laske, Sarah M.;Stanek, Ashley E.;Brown, Randy J.;Dunton, Kenneth H.
• 通讯作者: Dunton, Kenneth H.