Investigation of the structural, physiological, and biophysical premises for assimilate allocation in plant sinks
研究植物库中同化物分配的结构、生理和生物物理前提
基本信息
- 批准号:1656769
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 63.42万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2017
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2017-04-01 至 2021-03-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Plants are the primary producers on our planet. The mechanism of photosynthesis allows them to turn a gas (CO2) and a liquid (H2O) into energy-rich solid sugars. The sugar can then be used to fuel cellular functions and also as a building block for structural plant components such as wood. It is also the basis for all human food sources. The process of photosynthesis is well studied and understood. However, the vast majority of sugars are not utilized at the place of their photosynthetic production (the leaves), but are translocated to distant tissues. For example, with a few exceptions such as lettuce, humans do not eat leaves, but roots, fruits, seeds etc. Another example is wood, which has been used for centuries and is one of the fundamental materials in our civilization. The tissue that transports the sugars from the site of photosynthesis to the site of storage and utilization is called phloem. Phloem transport is much less well studied and understood than photosynthesis. This project will investigate the mechanisms that define the location and amount of sugar delivery that happens through the phloem. The ultimate goal of understanding these mechanisms is to direct phloem transport to specific locations to improve food or biomass production.Vascular systems enable organisms to distribute resources internally by bulk flow and thus to overcome size limitations set by diffusion. In plants, the evolution of vascular tissues enabled the development of trees and was accompanied by a major increase in the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. The phloem distributes the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant, allowing non-photosynthetic structures to be formed. The process of phloem unloading plays a critical role in allocating photoassimilates to sinks which in the form of seeds, tubers, roots etc. represent the major food sources for humans. The cellular processes of allocation control at the sites of phloem unloading, however, are understudied and poorly understood. This project aims at elucidating the structural, physiological, and biophysical basis for phloem unloading with the future goal of controlling allocation of assimilates to sinks for the improvement of food- and bioenergy crops. The project will utilize newly developed techniques such as in situ flow and unloading observations and high resolution serial block face imaging to create a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of phloem unloading in various plant species.
植物是地球上的主要生产者。光合作用的机制使它们能够将气体(CO2)和液体(H2O)转化为富含能量的固体糖。然后,糖可以用来为细胞功能提供燃料,也可以作为结构植物成分(如木材)的基石。它也是所有人类食物来源的基础。光合作用的过程已经得到了很好的研究和理解。然而,绝大多数糖并没有在它们进行光合作用的地方(叶片)被利用,而是被转移到远处的组织中。例如,除了莴苣等少数例外,人类不吃叶子,但根,水果,种子等。另一个例子是木材,它已经被使用了几个世纪,是我们文明的基本材料之一。把糖从光合作用的地方运送到储存和利用的地方的组织叫做韧皮部。韧皮部运输的研究和理解比光合作用少得多。这个项目将研究通过韧皮部传递糖的位置和数量的机制。了解这些机制的最终目标是指导韧皮部运输到特定位置,以改善食物或生物质生产。血管系统使生物体能够通过大量流动在内部分配资源,从而克服扩散造成的尺寸限制。在植物中,维管组织的进化使树木得以发展,并伴随着陆地生态系统生产力的大幅提高。韧皮部将光合作用的产物分布在整个植物中,使非光合作用结构得以形成。韧皮部卸载过程在将光同化物质分配到种子、块茎、根等形式的汇中起着关键作用,这些汇是人类的主要食物来源。然而,在韧皮部卸载位点的分配控制的细胞过程尚未得到充分的研究和了解。本项目旨在阐明韧皮部卸载的结构、生理和生物物理基础,未来的目标是控制同化物向汇的分配,以改善粮食和生物能源作物。该项目将利用新开发的技术,如原位流动和卸载观测和高分辨率连续块面成像,详细了解各种植物韧皮部卸载的机制。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The diffusive injection micropipette (DIMP)
扩散注射微量移液器 (DIMP)
- DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153060
- 发表时间:2020
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.3
- 作者:Howell, Alexander H.;Peters, Winfried S.;Knoblauch, Michael
- 通讯作者:Knoblauch, Michael
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Michael Knoblauch其他文献
Holistic models as an integrative infrastructure for scientific communication
整体模型作为科学交流的综合基础设施
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153984 - 发表时间:
2023-06-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.100
- 作者:
Michael Knoblauch;Winfried Peters - 通讯作者:
Winfried Peters
Prospective energy densities in the forisome, a new smart material
- DOI:
10.1016/j.msec.2005.06.055 - 发表时间:
2006-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
William F. Pickard;Michael Knoblauch;Winfried S. Peters;Amy Q. Shen - 通讯作者:
Amy Q. Shen
Michael Knoblauch的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Michael Knoblauch', 18)}}的其他基金
Testing the High-Pressure Manifold Model of Phloem Transport and Unloading
韧皮部运输和卸载的高压流管模型的测试
- 批准号:
2318280 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 63.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
RESEARCH-PGR: Sieve Tube Proteomics - Unraveling the Physiology and Cell Biology of an Arcane Cell Type
RESEARCH-PGR:筛管蛋白质组学 - 揭示神秘细胞类型的生理学和细胞生物学
- 批准号:
1940827 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 63.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Physiology of Long Distance Assimilate Transport
合作研究:长距离同化物运输的生理学
- 批准号:
1456682 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 63.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Investigating phloem structure function relations in vivo
研究体内韧皮部结构功能关系
- 批准号:
1146500 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 63.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Testing the Munch Hypothesis: Hydraulics of Phloem Transport in Vines and Trees
合作研究:检验蒙克假说:藤蔓和树木韧皮部运输的水力学
- 批准号:
1022106 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 63.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
The Role of P-Proteins in Plant Insect Interaction
P-蛋白在植物昆虫相互作用中的作用
- 批准号:
0818182 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 63.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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