CRII: CPS: Information-Constrained Cyber-Physical Systems for Supermarket Refrigerator Energy and Inventory Management

超市制冷系统占美国所有商业能源消耗的7%。网络物理系统技术为提高超市冰箱的能源效率提供了新的机会，这也影响了电力和食品供应链系统，因为这些技术使我们能够优化能源消耗和库存水平。然而，优化制冷-能源-食品供应链系统在以下方面提出了挑战：（a）不完善的产品需求分布，（B）安全/隐私保护信息交换，以及（c）供应链中的信息不对称。该项目通过开发新的控制和激励工具来应对这些挑战，这也将有利于能源和粮食系统。正在采用的方法将改善制冷-能源-食品系统，并有助于以下基本领域。首先，该项目的目的是建立一个理论基础的分布鲁棒随机控制方法给定的不完全分布信息的干扰。其次，该项目计划开发一种分层控制方法，该方法使用凸包络在分层结构的两层之间不交换任何显式状态信息。第三，该项目的目的是推广经典的激励合同或委托代理理论在两个方向：（a）整合工程系统与非平凡的动态到合同和（B）激励代理的层次结构。拟议的超市能源管理系统可以提供辅助服务，通过确保足够的电网平衡能力，支持间歇性风能和太阳能发电的渗透。此外，拟议的激励合同和数据共享法规可以促进食品供应链的协调。研究成果还将用于：（a）南加州大学雪佛龙能源研究前沿夏令营，这是一项K-12 STEM外联工作;（B）南加州大学妇女参与科学和工程方案，为女本科生提供实践研究经验;以及（c）在维特比工程多样性中心举办开放日和讲习班，以培训教育上处境不利、代表性不足的学生。

Supermarket refrigeration systems account for 7% of all commercial energy consumption in the United States. Cyber-physical Systems technologies provide new opportunities to improve the energy efficiency of supermarket refrigerators, which also affect power and food supply chain systems, as these technologies allow us to optimize energy consumption and inventory level. However, optimizing refrigeration-energy-food supply chain systems presents challenges regarding: (a) imperfect product demand distributions, (b) security/privacy-preserving information exchanges, and (c) asymmetric information in a supply chain. This project addresses these challenges by developing new control and incentive tools, which also will benefit energy and food systems. The methods being pursued will improve refrigeration-energy-food systems with contributions to the following fundamental areas. First, the project aims to establish a theoretical foundation of distributionally robust stochastic control methods given imperfect distributional information about disturbances. Second, the project plans to develop a hierarchical control approach that does not exchange any explicit state information between two layers of a hierarchy using convex envelopes. Third, the project aims to generalize the classical incentive contract or principal-agent theory in the two directions: (a) integrating engineering systems with nontrivial dynamics into contracts and (b) incentivizing a hierarchy of agents. The proposed energy management system for supermarkets can provide ancillary services that support the penetration of intermittent wind and solar generation by ensuring sufficient grid balancing capacity. Furthermore, the proposed incentive contracts and data-sharing regulations can facilitate food supply chain coordination. The research outcomes will also be used for: (a) the University of Southern California (USC) Chevron Frontiers in Energy Research Summer Camp that is a K-12 STEM outreach effort; (b) USC Women in Science and Engineering programs that provide hands-on research experiences to female undergraduate students; and (c) open house and workshops in Viterbi Center for Engineering Diversity to train educationally-disadvantaged underrepresented students.