Collaborative Research: CPS: Medium: Enabling DER Integration via Redesign of Information Flows

NSF CPS项目旨在重新设计系统运营商在当今电力市场中使用的信息结构，以适应能源生产和消费方面的技术进步。该项目将通过招标、聚合和市场机制的原则性设计，激励和促进非常规能源资源的整合，从而为电力系统带来变革性的变化。这种整合将为运营商提供必要的灵活性，以运营具有高可再生渗透率的网络。这将通过一种全面的自下而下的方法来实现，首先确定利用新的可再生资源的内在成本，并相应地适应可运作的生态系统。该项目的智力优势包括用于操作大量分布式资源的新颖理论和算法，以及市场和控制的试验台实现。该项目的更广泛影响包括K-12和本科课程，包括通过霍普金斯大学的课内和课外STEM活动开展的课内和课外STEM活动，以及加州理工大学的浪潮暑期研究计划。大规模引入分布式能源(DER)需要重新思考电网运营，以应对增加的不确定性和新的运营约束。拟议的研究通过彻底改革市场和网格控制使用的信息结构来承担这项任务。我们寻求描述和塑造如何交换和使用信息来管理网格，以提高效率、稳定性和激励一致性。这项研究分为三个阶段。推力1强调信息在协调中的作用。它试图刻画DER成本和约束，设计适合于传达关于DER成本非典型特征的信息的投标策略。推力2旨在开发聚合战略，通过考虑资源的成本和限制来有效管理资源，通过保护敏感用户信息和稳健地应对市场操纵的聚合出价来整合DER。最后，推力3是DERS对业务的总体影响的特征。我们将研究跨越市场的用户激励如何隐含地结合市场结果，并开发设计机制来减少市场间的价格操纵。我们还将设计定价方案，提供有效的DER分配，同时保留实时操作限制，如频率监管。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This NSF CPS project aims to redesign the information structure utilized by system operators in today's electricity markets to accommodate technological advances in energy generation and consumption. The project will bring transformative change to power systems by incentivizing and facilitating the integration of non-conventional energy resources via a principled design of bidding, aggregation, and market mechanisms. Such integration will provide operators with the necessary flexibility to operate a network with high levels of renewable penetration. This will be achieved by a comprehensive bottom-down approach that will first identify the intrinsic cost of utilizing novel renewable resources and accommodate the operational ecosystem accordingly. The intellectual merits of the project include novel theories and algorithms for operating a vast number of distributed resources and testbed implementations of markets and controls. The project's broader impacts include K-12 and undergraduate programs, including in-class and extra-curricular STEM activities through, e.g., Hopkins in-class and extra-curricular STEM activities, and the Caltech WAVE summer research program.Introducing distributed energy resources (DERs) at a large scale requires rethinking power grid operations to account for increased uncertainty and new operational constraints. The proposed research undertakes this task by overhauling the information structure that markets and grid controls utilize. We seek to characterize and shape how information is exchanged and used to manage the grid to improve efficiency, stability, and incentive alignment. The research is organized into three thrusts. Thrust 1 emphasizes the role of information in coordination. It seeks to characterize DER costs and constraints, designing bidding strategies tailored to convey information about the atypical characteristics of DER costs. Thrust 2 aims to develop aggregation strategies that efficiently manage resources by accounting for their cost and constraints, integrating DERs via an aggregate bid that protects sensitive user information and is robust to market manipulation. Finally, Thrust 3 characterizes the overall impact of DERs on operations. We will examine how user incentives that span across markets implicitly couple market outcomes and develop design mechanisms to mitigate inter-market price manipulation. We will also design pricing schemes that provide efficient DER allocation while preserving real-time operational constraints such as frequency regulation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.