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Causes and consequences of hypoxia and pH impacts on zooplankton: Linking movement behavior to vertical distribution.

缺氧和 pH 值对浮游动物影响的原因和后果：将运动行为与垂直分布联系起来。

基本信息

批准号：
1657992
负责人：
Julie Keister
金额：
$ 89.92万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-03-01 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1657992&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Causes consequences hypoxia pH impacts

项目摘要

Low oxygen (hypoxia) and low pH are known to have profound physiological effects on zooplankton, the microscopic animals of the sea. It is likely that many individual zooplankton change vertical mirgratio behaviors to reduce or avoid these stresses. However, avoidance responses and their consequences for zooplankton distributions, and for interactions of zooplankton with their predators and prey, are poorly understood. This study will provide information on small-scale behavioral responses of zooplankton to oxygen and pH using video systems deployed in the field in a seasonally hypoxic estuary. The results will deepen our understanding of how zooplankton respond to low oxygen and pH conditions in ways that could profoundly affect marine ecosystems and fisheries through changes in their populations and distributions. This project will train graduate students and will engage K-12 students and teachers in under-served coastal communities by developing ocean technology-based citizen-scientist activities and curricular materials in plankton ecology, ocean change, construction and use of biological sensors, and quantitative analysis of environmental data.Individual directional motility is a primary mechanism underlying spatio-temporal patterns in zooplankton population distributions. Motility is used by most zooplankton species to select among water column positions that differ in biotic and abiotic variables such as prey, predators, light, oxygen concentration, and pH. Species-specific movement responses to de-oxygenation and acidification are likely mechanisms through which short-term, localized impacts of these stressful conditions on individual zooplankton will be magnified or suppressed as they propagate up to population, community, and ecosystem-level dynamics. This study will quantify responses by key zooplankton species to oxygen and pH using in situ video systems to measure changes in individual behavior in hypoxic, low- pH versus well-oxygenated, high-pH regions of a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Distributions and movements of zooplankton will be quantified using three approaches: 1) an imaging system deployed in situ on a profiling mooring over two summers in a hypoxic region, 2) imagers deployed on Lagrangian drifters to sample simultaneously throughout the water column, and 3) vertically-stratified pumps and net tows to verify species identification and video-based abundance estimates. These field observations will be combined with laboratory analysis of zooplankton movements in oxygen and pH gradients, and with spatially-explicit models to predict how behavioral mechanisms lead to large-scale impacts of environmental stresses.

众所周知，低氧（缺氧）和低 pH 值对浮游动物（海洋微生物）具有深远的生理影响。许多浮游动物个体可能会改变垂直迁徙行为来减少或避免这些压力。然而，人们对回避反应及其对浮游动物分布以及浮游动物与其捕食者和猎物相互作用的影响知之甚少。这项研究将利用部署在季节性缺氧河口现场的视频系统，提供有关浮游动物对氧气和 pH 值的小规模行为反应的信息。这些结果将加深我们对浮游动物如何应对低氧和 pH 条件的理解，从而通过其种群和分布的变化深刻影响海洋生态系统和渔业。该项目将培训研究生，并通过开发基于海洋技术的公民科学家活动和浮游生物生态学、海洋变化、生物传感器的构建和使用以及环境数据定量分析等方面的课程材料，吸引服务不足的沿海社区的K-12学生和教师。个体定向运动是浮游动物种群分布时空模式的主要机制。大多数浮游动物物种利用运动性来选择生物和非生物变量（例如猎物、捕食者、光、氧气浓度和 pH 值）不同的水体位置。对脱氧和酸化的特定物种运动反应可能是这些应激条件对个体浮游动物的短期局部影响在传播到种群、群落和生态系统水平动态时被放大或抑制的机制。本研究将使用现场视频系统量化关键浮游动物物种对氧气和 pH 值的反应，以测量季节性缺氧河口缺氧、低 pH 值区域与氧合良好、高 pH 值区域的个体行为变化。将使用三种方法量化浮游动物的分布和运动：1）在缺氧地区的剖面系泊上原位部署成像系统，历经两个夏天；2）部署在拉格朗日漂流器上的成像仪在整个水体中同时采样；3）垂直分层泵和网拖来验证物种识别和基于视频的丰度估计。这些现场观察将与浮游动物在氧气和 pH 梯度中运动的实验室分析相结合，并与空间明确的模型相结合，以预测行为机制如何导致环境压力的大规模影响。