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Causes and consequences of hypoxia and pH impacts on zooplankton: Linking movement behavior to vertical distribution.

缺氧和 pH 值对浮游动物影响的原因和后果：将运动行为与垂直分布联系起来。

基本信息

批准号：
1657992
负责人：
Julie Keister
金额：
$ 89.92万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-03-01 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1657992&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Causes consequences hypoxia pH impacts

项目摘要

Low oxygen (hypoxia) and low pH are known to have profound physiological effects on zooplankton, the microscopic animals of the sea. It is likely that many individual zooplankton change vertical mirgratio behaviors to reduce or avoid these stresses. However, avoidance responses and their consequences for zooplankton distributions, and for interactions of zooplankton with their predators and prey, are poorly understood. This study will provide information on small-scale behavioral responses of zooplankton to oxygen and pH using video systems deployed in the field in a seasonally hypoxic estuary. The results will deepen our understanding of how zooplankton respond to low oxygen and pH conditions in ways that could profoundly affect marine ecosystems and fisheries through changes in their populations and distributions. This project will train graduate students and will engage K-12 students and teachers in under-served coastal communities by developing ocean technology-based citizen-scientist activities and curricular materials in plankton ecology, ocean change, construction and use of biological sensors, and quantitative analysis of environmental data.Individual directional motility is a primary mechanism underlying spatio-temporal patterns in zooplankton population distributions. Motility is used by most zooplankton species to select among water column positions that differ in biotic and abiotic variables such as prey, predators, light, oxygen concentration, and pH. Species-specific movement responses to de-oxygenation and acidification are likely mechanisms through which short-term, localized impacts of these stressful conditions on individual zooplankton will be magnified or suppressed as they propagate up to population, community, and ecosystem-level dynamics. This study will quantify responses by key zooplankton species to oxygen and pH using in situ video systems to measure changes in individual behavior in hypoxic, low- pH versus well-oxygenated, high-pH regions of a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Distributions and movements of zooplankton will be quantified using three approaches: 1) an imaging system deployed in situ on a profiling mooring over two summers in a hypoxic region, 2) imagers deployed on Lagrangian drifters to sample simultaneously throughout the water column, and 3) vertically-stratified pumps and net tows to verify species identification and video-based abundance estimates. These field observations will be combined with laboratory analysis of zooplankton movements in oxygen and pH gradients, and with spatially-explicit models to predict how behavioral mechanisms lead to large-scale impacts of environmental stresses.

众所周知，低氧（缺氧）和低pH值对浮游动物（海洋中的微观动物）具有深远的生理影响。许多个体浮游动物可能改变垂直迁移行为以减少或避免这些压力。然而，回避反应及其后果的浮游动物分布，以及浮游动物与它们的捕食者和猎物的相互作用，知之甚少。这项研究将提供信息的浮游动物的小规模的行为反应，氧气和pH值使用视频系统部署在现场的季节性缺氧河口。研究结果将加深我们对浮游动物如何应对低氧和pH值条件的理解，这些条件可能会通过其种群和分布的变化深刻影响海洋生态系统和渔业。该项目将培训研究生，并将使K-12学生和教师参与服务不足的沿海社区，方法是在浮游生物生态学、海洋变化、生物传感器的建造和使用以及环境数据的定量分析等方面开展以海洋技术为基础的公民-科学家活动和教材。大多数浮游动物物种利用运动性在生物和非生物变量（如猎物、捕食者、光照、氧浓度和pH）不同的水柱位置中进行选择。物种对脱氧和酸化的特定运动反应可能是一种机制，通过这种机制，这些压力条件对个体浮游动物的短期局部影响将在它们传播到种群、群落、和生态系统层面的动态。本研究将量化的关键浮游动物物种的氧气和pH值的反应，使用原位视频系统来测量在缺氧，低pH值与良好的氧合，高pH值的季节性缺氧河口地区的个人行为的变化。浮游动物的分布和移动将使用三种方法进行量化：1）在缺氧区域的两个夏天，在剖面系泊上原位部署成像系统，2）在拉格朗日漂流器上部署成像仪，在整个水柱中同时采样，3）垂直分层泵和网拖，以验证物种识别和基于视频的丰度估计。这些实地观察将与浮游动物在氧气和pH梯度中运动的实验室分析相结合，并与空间明确的模型相结合，以预测行为机制如何导致环境压力的大规模影响。