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Collaborative Research: The Norrona Project: An International Collaboration for Sustained Studies of the Meridional Overturning Circulation between Denmark, the Faroes and Iceland

合作研究：诺罗纳项目：丹麦、法罗群岛和冰岛之间经向翻转环流持续研究的国际合作

基本信息

批准号：
1658226
负责人：
H. Thomas Rossby
金额：
$ 13.83万
依托单位：
University of Rhode Island
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-05-15 至 2020-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658226&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Norrona Project International

项目摘要

The presence of and flow of warm salty water across the northern North Atlantic plays a key role in shaping the mild climate of central and northern Europe. This flow is in large measure controlled by enormous heat losses in the Nordic Seas that transform this water into very dense water that eventually spill back out into the deep North Atlantic. Since 2008, the flow of North Atlantic Water into the Nordic Seas has been measured where it passes through natural choke points: the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) and the Iceland-Faroe Ridge (IFR). The measurements come from a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) that scans currents at high horizontal resolution along the track of the high-seas ferry M/F Norröna. While this has been a tremendous success, during rough weather in the winter bubbles are swept down and interfere with the instrument. To mitigate this problem, the instrument was recently moved further aft to the skeg, where fewer bubbles are expected. This project will allow the researchers to assess the improvement in data quality, and participate in the operation of the instrument and scientific analyses for another two years over which the operation will be handed over to scientists at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen, Norway and at Faroes Marine Research Institute. The Iceland-Faroe-Scotland ridge separates two large and distinctly different water mass systems (the North Atlantic and the Arctic Mediterranean) that communicate through warm, salty inflow and dense water outflow through the deep gaps in the ridge. The inflow is quantified with these ADCP current profiles, coupled with temperature profiles from XBTs deployed automatically at selected sites from the Automated eXpendable Instrument System (AXIS) on the same vessel. On shorter time scales exchange is likely wind-driven, while on longer time scales (seasonal and longer) buoyancy loss must be of paramount importance. With sustained and improved Norröna monitoring of the inflows and moored ADCPs monitoring the outflow through the deep gaps (a Faroes-Norway program), one can examine in considerable detail the space-time response of these fluxes to time-varying atmospheric forcing including the well-known North-Atlantic Oscillation.

北大西洋北方温暖盐水的存在和流动在形成中欧和北方温和气候方面起着关键作用。这种流动在很大程度上是由北欧海域的巨大热量损失控制的，这些热量损失将这些水转化为非常密集的水，最终溢出到北大西洋深处。自2008年以来，北大西洋水流入北欧海的流量一直在通过天然咽喉点进行测量：法罗群岛-设得兰海峡（FSC）和冰岛-法罗群岛海岭（IFR）。测量数据来自船上的声学多普勒海流剖面仪，该仪器以高水平分辨率沿着公海渡轮M/F Norröna的航迹扫描海流。虽然这已经取得了巨大的成功，但在冬季恶劣的天气中，气泡会被吹下来并干扰仪器。为了减轻这个问题，仪器最近被进一步向后移动到尾鳍，预计气泡会减少。该项目将使研究人员能够评估数据质量的改善情况，并在今后两年中参与仪器的操作和科学分析，在此期间，操作工作将移交给挪威卑尔根海洋研究所和法罗群岛海洋研究所的科学家。冰岛-法罗群岛-苏格兰海脊将两个巨大而截然不同的水团系统（北大西洋和北极地中海）分隔开来，这两个水团系统通过海脊深处的裂缝，通过温暖、含盐的流入和密集的流出进行交流。流入量与这些ADCP电流配置文件，再加上温度配置文件从XBT自动部署在选定的网站从自动可扩展仪器系统（AXIS）在同一船上。在较短的时间尺度上，交换可能是风驱动的，而在较长的时间尺度上（季节性和更长），浮力损失必须是至关重要的。通过持续和改进的Norröna流入监测和停泊的ADCP监测通过深间隙流出（法罗群岛-挪威计划），人们可以相当详细地研究这些通量对随时间变化的大气强迫（包括著名的北大西洋涛动）的时空响应。