Doctoral Dissertation Research: Factors Influencing Police Reform and Global Police Designs

对警务的研究往往集中在当地警察与他们所服务的社区之间的关系上。但最近全球警察设计在不同社区的激增表明，研究人员需要调整他们的方法。该项目对研究生进行实证性、科学性的数据收集和分析方法的培训，探索影响警察改革的不同全球、国家和地方因素。它还问，将警察--传统上被认为是国家的一个部门--作为一个跨国机构来研究，需要哪些新的理论和方法工具？调查结果将分发给管理和制定改善警务政策的组织。这项研究还促进了国际科学合作。在芝加哥大学斯蒂芬·帕尔米博士的指导下，埃拉特·毛兹将探索全球、国家和地方力量对警察改革中可观察到的模式的影响。警察设计受到警察知识、专业知识和实践的启发，这些设计越来越多地在国际上分享。研究人员建议记录它们的实施情况，并检查它们在实施的社区中是如何参与的。这项研究将通过牙买加警察部队(JCF)的人种学田野工作进行。JCF成立时，牙买加是英国最繁荣的糖业殖民地，是一支高度军事化的殖民警察部队。今天，过度暴力和猖獗的腐败仍然是联合王国的地方病，被视为一种殖民遗产，可以通过系统改革来取代。然而，矛盾的是，2008年启动的改革进程深化和扩大了外国在部队内部的参与，主要是为了处理在国外制定的全球安全议程。牙买加的社会经济结构具有连续性和变化性的并行动态。虽然牙买加社会的社会分层结构是由其殖民历史塑造的，但全球移民和跨国文化潮流不断重塑着差异的本地含义。本研究试图了解这两个过程在警察改革领域的相互作用。在这项人种学研究的第一阶段，调查员将研究警队如何制定、传播和实施改革计划。这一阶段将包括观察联合联络委员会三个分支机构的运作情况，参加警察培训课程，并记录改善警察与当地社区关系的努力。部队内部的观察将辅之以对当地和外国安全专家的深入访谈，以进一步了解目前制定的改革的背景、内容和具体目标。在第二阶段，调查人员将与两个牙买加非政府组织合作，这两个非政府组织寻求以新的方式解决社会暴力和犯罪问题，将公共和私人利益攸关方聚集在一起，并扩大牙买加和国外社区之间的联系。收集的数据将被用来突出治安方面的新趋势，这些趋势将公共和私人、地方和全球、行动者和力量汇聚在一起。最后，数据将被用来推论不断变化的警察和国家之间的关系，开发理解警察的新方法。

Studies of policing have tended to focus locally on the relationships between police and the communities they serve. But the recent proliferation of global police designs across a diverse range of communities suggests the need for researchers to adapt their methodological approach. This project, which trains a graduate student in methods of empirical, scientific data collection and analysis, explores the different global, national, and local factors influencing police reform. It further asks, what new theoretical and methodological tools are necessary for studying policing - traditionally conceived as an arm of the state - as a transnational institution? Findings will be disseminated to organizations that manage and develop policy for improved policing. The research also fosters international scientific cooperation.Eilat Maoz, under the supervision of Dr. Stephan Palmié of the University of Chicago, will explore what global, national, and local forces influence observable patterns in police reform. Police designs are informed by police knowledge, expertise, and practice, and increasingly these designs are shared internationally. The researcher proposes to document their implementation, and examine how they are engaged within the communities that they are implemented. The research will take place through ethnographic fieldwork in the Jamaican Constabulary Force (JCF). The JCF was established when Jamaica was Britain's most thriving sugar colony, as a highly militarized colonial police force. Today, excessive violence and rampant corruption, still endemic in the JCF, are seen as a colonial inheritance that can be superseded through systematic reform. Paradoxically, however, the reform process launched in 2008 deepens and extends foreign involvement within the Force, and is primarily designed to address global security agendas crafted abroad. A parallel dynamic of continuity and change characterizes Jamaica's socioeconomic configurations. While the socially stratified structure of Jamaican society was molded by its colonial history, the local meanings of difference are continuously refigured by global migrations and transnational cultural currents. This research seeks to understand the interaction between these two processes as they conjoin in the realm of police reform. In the first phase of this ethnographic study, Investigators will study how reform plans are crafted, disseminated, and implemented by the Force. This phase will include observing the operations of three branches of the JCF, participation in police training courses, and documentation of attempts to improve the relationship between the police and local communities. Observations within the force will be complemented by in-depth interviews with local and foreign security experts, to further understand the context, content, and specific goals of the reform as it is currently crafted. In the second phase, investigators will collaborate with two Jamaican NGOs that seek to address social violence and criminality in novel ways, bringing together public and private stakeholders, and extending the links between communities in Jamaica and abroad. Data collected will be used to highlight emerging trends in policing, which bring together public and private, local and global, actors and forces. Finally, data will be used to theorize the changing relationship between the police and the state, developing new ways to understand policing.