Doctoral Dissertation Research: Priorities in the Safety and Sustainability of Blood Banks

博士论文研究：血库安全性和可持续性的优先事项

• 批准号: 1658374
• 负责人: Paja Faudree
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658374&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Priorities; Safety

Many life-saving medical treatments rely on an adequate and safe blood supply for transfusion, during childbirth, surgery, emergency care, and therapy for patients with blood-based diseases. A finite resource, blood relies on volunteer donors and successful public outreach campaigns. Blood services must also ensure the safety of the supply, namely monitoring the donation process to prevent the transmission of blood borne infections (including HIV) and mitigating adverse health effects on patients and donors. Focusing on the concerns of sustainability and safety, this project will examine various practical and social aspects of blood supply, ranging from donor marketing and recruitment to the implementation of donor management information systems, as well as the efficient hospital use of blood. Findings from this project, which trains a graduate student in methods of empirical, scientific data collection and analysis, will be disseminated to organizations that manage and develop policy related to blood safety practices. The research also fosters international scientific cooperation, and will broaden participation of an underrepresented group in the sciences.Emily Avera, under the supervision of Dr. Sherine Hamdy of Brown University, will explore what factors are prioritized in the maintenance of safety in blood banks. The project will take place primarily in South Africa, where the blood services have established one of the most stringent and effective blood safety systems in the world. Blood safety officials' are concerned with diversity and sustainability. They advocate for increased donor participation from a more diverse cross-section of the populace (e.g. youth, various ethnicities), as matter of sustainability not only for social representation, but to also leverage the statistical correlation of different blood types with certain populations. Equipped with anthropology training, the researcher is well positioned to address the pertinent cultural and symbolic meanings attached to blood, alongside the social issues related to health equity and safety. In addition to an incredibly diverse population, South African blood services must also reckon with chief societal challenges such as high HIV prevalence and equitable resource distribution. To analyze how South African institutions have dealt with these challenges, the researcher will conduct regular long-term observation and data collection of activities in blood services' offices, donor outreach drives, blood safety NGO's, and a public hospital hematology unit, as well as interviews with organizational staff, patients, and donors. The researcher will also analyze relevant educational materials and media to assess linguistic and cultural aspects of developing effective, scientifically sound public communication about blood safety and donation. The findings of this project will directly contribute to evaluating and improving donor outreach and education, safety measures, blood service information management, and efficient and equitable distribution of the blood supply not only in South Africa, but in a majority of countries - including the U.S. - where transfusion medicine is used.

许多挽救生命的医疗依赖于血液基于血液疾病的患者的分娩，手术，急诊和治疗期间的足够安全的血液供应。有限的资源，血液依靠志愿捐助者和成功的公共宣传运动。血液服务还必须确保供应的安全性，即监测捐赠过程，以防止血液传播感染（包括艾滋病毒）并减轻对患者和捐助者的不良健康影响。该项目着重于对可持续性和安全性的关注，将研究血液供应的各种实际和社会方面，从捐助者营销和招聘到实施捐助者管理信息系统，以及有效的血液使用。该项目的发现将培训研究生的经验，科学数据收集和分析方法，将被传播给管理和制定与血液安全实践有关的政策的组织。这项研究还促进了国际科学合作，并将扩大代表性不足的小组在科学中的参与。在布朗大学的Sherine Hamdy博士的监督下，Avera将探讨在维持血液银行安全性方面的优先级。该项目将主要发生在南非，那里的血液服务已经建立了世界上最严格，最有效的血液安全系统之一。血液安全官员关心的多样性和可持续性。他们主张从民众的更多样化的横截面（例如青年，各种种族）提高捐助者的参与，这不仅是社会代表，而且还利用了不同血型与某些人群的统计相关性。该研究人员配备了人类学培训，可以很好地解决与血液相关的文化和象征意义，以及与健康公平和安全有关的社会问题。除了令人难以置信的多样化人群外，南非血液服务还必须考虑到主要的社会挑战，例如高艾滋病毒流行和公平的资源分配。为了分析南非机构如何应对这些挑战，研究人员将定期进行长期观察和数据收集血液服务部门的活动，捐助者外展驱动器，血液安全非政府组织和公共医院血液学单位，以及对组织人员，患者和捐助者的访谈。研究人员还将分析相关的教育材料和媒体，以评估发展有效的，科学上关于血液安全和捐赠的有效公众沟通的语言和文化方面。该项目的发现将直接有助于评估和改善捐助者的外展和教育，安全措施，血液服务信息管理，以及不仅在南非，而且在包括美国在内的大多数国家（包括美国）使用输血医学的大多数国家的血液供应有效且公平的分配。