Doctoral Dissertation Research: Priorities in the Safety and Sustainability of Blood Banks

博士论文研究：血库安全性和可持续性的优先事项

• 批准号: 1658374
• 负责人: Paja Faudree
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658374&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Priorities; Safety

Many life-saving medical treatments rely on an adequate and safe blood supply for transfusion, during childbirth, surgery, emergency care, and therapy for patients with blood-based diseases. A finite resource, blood relies on volunteer donors and successful public outreach campaigns. Blood services must also ensure the safety of the supply, namely monitoring the donation process to prevent the transmission of blood borne infections (including HIV) and mitigating adverse health effects on patients and donors. Focusing on the concerns of sustainability and safety, this project will examine various practical and social aspects of blood supply, ranging from donor marketing and recruitment to the implementation of donor management information systems, as well as the efficient hospital use of blood. Findings from this project, which trains a graduate student in methods of empirical, scientific data collection and analysis, will be disseminated to organizations that manage and develop policy related to blood safety practices. The research also fosters international scientific cooperation, and will broaden participation of an underrepresented group in the sciences.Emily Avera, under the supervision of Dr. Sherine Hamdy of Brown University, will explore what factors are prioritized in the maintenance of safety in blood banks. The project will take place primarily in South Africa, where the blood services have established one of the most stringent and effective blood safety systems in the world. Blood safety officials' are concerned with diversity and sustainability. They advocate for increased donor participation from a more diverse cross-section of the populace (e.g. youth, various ethnicities), as matter of sustainability not only for social representation, but to also leverage the statistical correlation of different blood types with certain populations. Equipped with anthropology training, the researcher is well positioned to address the pertinent cultural and symbolic meanings attached to blood, alongside the social issues related to health equity and safety. In addition to an incredibly diverse population, South African blood services must also reckon with chief societal challenges such as high HIV prevalence and equitable resource distribution. To analyze how South African institutions have dealt with these challenges, the researcher will conduct regular long-term observation and data collection of activities in blood services' offices, donor outreach drives, blood safety NGO's, and a public hospital hematology unit, as well as interviews with organizational staff, patients, and donors. The researcher will also analyze relevant educational materials and media to assess linguistic and cultural aspects of developing effective, scientifically sound public communication about blood safety and donation. The findings of this project will directly contribute to evaluating and improving donor outreach and education, safety measures, blood service information management, and efficient and equitable distribution of the blood supply not only in South Africa, but in a majority of countries - including the U.S. - where transfusion medicine is used.

许多挽救生命的医疗方法都依赖于充足和安全的血液供应，用于分娩、手术、紧急护理和血液疾病患者治疗期间的输血。血液是一种有限的资源，依赖于志愿者捐赠者和成功的公共宣传活动。血液服务还必须确保供应安全，即监测献血过程，以防止血源性感染（包括艾滋病毒）的传播，并减轻对患者和献血者健康的不利影响。该项目着眼于可持续性和安全性，将研究血液供应的各个实际和社会方面，从献血者营销和招募到献血者管理信息系统的实施，以及医院如何有效地使用血液。该项目对研究生进行实证、科学数据收集和分析方法的培训，其研究结果将分发给管理和制定血液安全实践相关政策的组织。该研究还促进了国际科学合作，并将扩大科学领域代表性不足的群体的参与。艾米丽·阿维拉（Emily Avera）在布朗大学谢琳·哈姆迪（Sherine Hamdy）博士的监督下，将探讨在维护血库安全方面优先考虑哪些因素。该项目将主要在南非进行，那里的血液服务机构已经建立了世界上最严格、最有效的血液安全系统之一。血液安全官员关注多样性和可持续性。他们主张增加更多不同人群（例如青年、不同种族）的捐赠者参与，这不仅是为了社会代表性的可持续性问题，也是为了利用不同血型与某些人群的统计相关性。研究人员接受过人类学培训，能够很好地解决与血液相关的文化和象征意义，以及与健康公平和安全相关的社会问题。除了人口极其多样化之外，南非的血液服务还必须考虑主要的社会挑战，例如艾滋病毒高感染率和公平的资源分配。为了分析南非机构如何应对这些挑战，研究人员将对血液服务办公室、捐助者外展活动、血液安全非政府组织和公立医院血液科的活动进行定期长期观察和数据收集，并对组织工作人员、患者和捐助者进行访谈。研究人员还将分析相关的教育材料和媒体，以评估就血液安全和捐赠开展​​有效、科学合理的公众沟通的语言和文化方面。该项目的研究结果将直接有助于评估和改善捐助者外展和教育、安全措施、血液服务信息管理以及血液供应的有效和公平分配，不仅在南非，而且在大多数使用输血药物的国家（包括美国）。