Collaborative Research: IRES: US-German research on human-computer interaction in ubiquitous computing

摘要：我们已经进入了无处不在的计算时代，这是一个嵌入在日常物品中的互联设备成为日常活动一部分的时代。普适计算（Ubiquitous computing，或ubicomp）是一个多学科领域的研究，它探索这种嵌入式网络计算设备的设计和实现。与发展中的计算机世界的计算设备的交互是具有挑战性的。Ubicomp的研究人员利用语音、凝视、手势和触摸等方式，探索与设备的自然互动。有了这些交互模式，用户？苹果的注意力可以主要集中在设备周围的世界。人机交互是ubicomp的核心问题，它将是IRES学生工作的重点，他们将在德国的两个地点进行研究：斯图加特大学和奥尔登堡大学。技术摘要：我们的研究将在三个领域探索人机交互：车内交互、与大型显示器的交互以及与船桥上设备的交互。我们将探索高度自动化车辆的用户界面，这些车辆可以在很长一段时间内接管对车辆的全部控制，并在驾驶员需要恢复控制时提前发出信号。在这些未来的车辆中，驾驶员将有充足的时间用于非驾驶任务。用户界面的设计会减少与司机的注意道路(在今天的汽车一样),和更多的物理特性的车辆(大小、座位安排),计算环境的特点(传感器读数的网络速度、质量),和其他人的存在,甚至在其他车辆(与其他乘客合作,和干扰由于其他乘客的活动)。我们的目标是探索环境应该如何塑造自动驾驶汽车的车载用户界面设计。在我们与船舶桥梁接口的工作中，我们将评估如何设计接口，使人类操作员的注意力集中在相关接口和外部世界上，从而使操作员能够安全地驾驶船舶。我们的目标是探索如何可视化操作员视觉焦点之外的相关实体，以及如何引导操作员将注意力转移到这些实体以进行导航和决策。最后，我们对大型显示器的研究将探索用户界面特征（如交互模式和上下文感知）与用户满意度、任务完成时间和任务完成质量等指标之间的关系。我们的首要目标是建立其中的一些关系，并利用结果提出与大型显示器交互的改进设计。

Nontechnical Abstract:We have entered the era of ubiquitous computing, an era defined by interconnected devices embedded in everyday objects that become part of everyday activities. Ubiquitous computing, or ubicomp, is a multidisciplinary field of study that explores the design and implementation of such embedded, networked computing devices. Interactions with the computational devices of the developing ubicomp world are challenging. Ubicomp researchers explore natural interactions with devices, using modalities such as speech, gaze, gestures, and touch. With these modes of interaction, the user?s focus can remain primarily on the world surrounding the device. Human-computer interaction is a central issue in ubicomp, and it will be the focus of the work of the IRES students who will conduct research at two locations in Germany: at the University of Stuttgart, and at the University of Oldenburg. Technical Abstract:Our research will explore human-computer interaction in three areas of ubicomp: in-vehicle interactions, interactions with large displays, and interactions with devices on a ship bridge. We will explore user interfaces for highly automated vehicles, those that can take over all control of the vehicle for extended periods of time, and will signal well in advance when the driver needs to resume control. In these future vehicles, drivers will have ample time to devote to non-driving tasks. The design of the user interfaces will have less to do with the driver's attention to the road (as is the case in today's vehicles), and more with the physical characteristics of the vehicle (size, seating arrangement), the characteristics of the computing environment (network speed, quality of sensor readings), and the presence of other people in the vehicle and even in other vehicles (collaboration with other passengers, and distractions due to the activities of other passengers). Our goal is to explore how context should shape the design of in-vehicle user interfaces for automated vehicles. In our work with interfaces for ship bridges we will evaluate how to design interfaces that keep the human operator's attention on the relevant interfaces and on the outside world, such that the operator can safely navigate the vessel. Our goal is to explore how to visualize relevant entities that are outside of the operator's visual focus, and how to guide the operator's shift of attention towards these entities for navigation and decision making. Finally, our work with large displays will explore the relationships between the characteristics of the user interfaces such as mode of interaction and context awareness, and measures such as user satisfaction, task completion time, and task completion quality. Our overarching goal is to establish some of these relationships, and use the results to propose improved designs of interactions with large displays.