Collaborative Research: IRES: US-German research on human-computer interaction in ubiquitous computing

非技术摘要：我们已经进入了无处不在的计算时代，一个由嵌入在日常物品中的互联设备定义的时代，这些设备成为日常活动的一部分。普适计算（Ubiquitous Computing），或称ubicomp，是一个多学科的研究领域，探索这种嵌入式网络计算设备的设计和实现。与发展中的ubicomp世界的计算设备的交互是具有挑战性的。Ubicomp研究人员探索与设备的自然交互，使用语音，凝视，手势和触摸等方式。有了这些互动模式，用户？的焦点可以主要保持在设备周围的世界上。人机交互是ubicomp的核心问题，它将是IRES学生工作的重点，他们将在德国的两个地点进行研究：斯图加特大学和奥尔登堡大学。技术摘要：我们的研究将在ubicomp的三个领域探索人机交互：车载交互，与大型显示器的交互以及与船桥上设备的交互。我们将探索高度自动化车辆的用户界面，这些用户界面可以在很长一段时间内接管车辆的所有控制权，并在驾驶员需要恢复控制时提前发出信号。在这些未来的车辆中，驾驶员将有足够的时间专注于非驾驶任务。用户界面的设计与驾驶员对道路的注意力关系不大（就像今天的车辆一样），更多的是与车辆的物理特性有关（大小、座位安排）、计算环境的特点（网络速度、传感器读数的质量），以及车辆中甚至其他车辆中的其他人的存在（与其他乘客的合作，以及由于其他乘客的活动而引起的分心）。我们的目标是探索环境应该如何塑造自动驾驶汽车的车载用户界面的设计。在我们的工作与船舶桥梁的接口，我们将评估如何设计的接口，保持人类操作员的注意力在相关的接口和外部世界，使操作员可以安全地驾驶船舶。我们的目标是探索如何可视化的相关实体，在运营商的视觉焦点之外，以及如何引导运营商的注意力转移到这些实体的导航和决策。最后，我们的工作与大型显示器将探讨用户界面的特性之间的关系，如交互模式和上下文感知，以及用户满意度，任务完成时间和任务完成质量的措施。我们的总体目标是建立这些关系中的一些，并使用结果来提出改进的设计与大型显示器的交互。

Nontechnical Abstract:We have entered the era of ubiquitous computing, an era defined by interconnected devices embedded in everyday objects that become part of everyday activities. Ubiquitous computing, or ubicomp, is a multidisciplinary field of study that explores the design and implementation of such embedded, networked computing devices. Interactions with the computational devices of the developing ubicomp world are challenging. Ubicomp researchers explore natural interactions with devices, using modalities such as speech, gaze, gestures, and touch. With these modes of interaction, the user?s focus can remain primarily on the world surrounding the device. Human-computer interaction is a central issue in ubicomp, and it will be the focus of the work of the IRES students who will conduct research at two locations in Germany: at the University of Stuttgart, and at the University of Oldenburg. Technical Abstract:Our research will explore human-computer interaction in three areas of ubicomp: in-vehicle interactions, interactions with large displays, and interactions with devices on a ship bridge. We will explore user interfaces for highly automated vehicles, those that can take over all control of the vehicle for extended periods of time, and will signal well in advance when the driver needs to resume control. In these future vehicles, drivers will have ample time to devote to non-driving tasks. The design of the user interfaces will have less to do with the driver's attention to the road (as is the case in today's vehicles), and more with the physical characteristics of the vehicle (size, seating arrangement), the characteristics of the computing environment (network speed, quality of sensor readings), and the presence of other people in the vehicle and even in other vehicles (collaboration with other passengers, and distractions due to the activities of other passengers). Our goal is to explore how context should shape the design of in-vehicle user interfaces for automated vehicles. In our work with interfaces for ship bridges we will evaluate how to design interfaces that keep the human operator's attention on the relevant interfaces and on the outside world, such that the operator can safely navigate the vessel. Our goal is to explore how to visualize relevant entities that are outside of the operator's visual focus, and how to guide the operator's shift of attention towards these entities for navigation and decision making. Finally, our work with large displays will explore the relationships between the characteristics of the user interfaces such as mode of interaction and context awareness, and measures such as user satisfaction, task completion time, and task completion quality. Our overarching goal is to establish some of these relationships, and use the results to propose improved designs of interactions with large displays.