Psychological processes of the bystander effect in dangerous and non-dangerous helping situations

危险和非危险救助情境中旁观者效应的心理过程

• 批准号: 227620447
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Peter Fischer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences (CLPS)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/227620447?language=en
• 关键词: Psychological; processes; bystander; effect; dangerous

The classic bystander effect reflects a reduced probability of individual helping when more compared to less additional bystanders are present in an emergency situation (Latané & Nida, 1981). Results of the previous research program on determinants of civil courage behavior lead to three further questons that are not yet resolved by empirical bystander research.(1) What are the underlying psychological processes of the classic bystander effect in non-dangerous helping situations (low cost situations)?(2) What are the underlying psychological processes of the classic bystander effect in dangerous helping situations (high cost situations)? Especially with regard to dangerous emergencies recent studies revealed that the bystander effect occurs in a reduced or even reversed manner. And, finally,(3) Does the bystander effect also occur in critical situations where no physical victim is present, and thus no "blame the victim" effect can occur. We propose seven experimental studies in order to answer these three questions.

经典的旁观者效应反映了在紧急情况下，当更多的旁观者相比于更少的旁观者时，个体帮助的可能性降低（Latané & Nida，1981）。先前关于公民勇气行为决定因素的研究项目的结果导致了三个尚未通过实证旁观者研究解决的进一步问题。(1)在非危险的帮助情境（低成本情境）中，经典旁观者效应的潜在心理过程是什么？(2)在危险的帮助情境（高成本情境）中，经典的旁观者效应的潜在心理过程是什么？特别是在危险的紧急情况下，最近的研究表明，旁观者效应的发生减少，甚至逆转。最后，（3）旁观者效应是否也发生在没有实际受害者在场的危急情况下，因此不会发生“责怪受害者”效应。为了回答这三个问题，我们提出了七个实验研究。