EMBRACE-AGS-Growth: Diagnosing Kinematic Processes Responsible for Precipitation Distributions in Tropical Cyclones

EMBRACE-AGS-Growth：诊断热带气旋降水分布的运动过程

• 批准号: 2409475
• 负责人: Joshua Wadler
• 金额: $ 37.41万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-06-01 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2409475&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EMBRACE; AGS; Growth; Diagnosing; Kinematic

Tropical cyclones, also called hurricanes or typhoons, pose a significant threat to coastal communities through high winds, storm surge, and heavy rainfall. Poor predictions of tropical cyclones can lead to underprepared communities, exacerbating the impacts of these powerful storms. This project aims to understand how different types of precipitation, or rainfall, impact tropical cyclone maximum sustained wind speed. Precipitation is divided into four categories based on how fast the air is rising in clouds. Clouds that have faster rising air are called convection, with the tallest clouds called deep convection and the shallower clouds called moderate convection and shallow convection. The lightest precipitation is called stratiform rain and has the least amount of rising air. The type of precipitation can be identified based on its appearance on radar measurements. This project addresses how each type of precipitation influences the maximum sustained wind speed of the storm through their impact on storm structure. Since different types of precipitation can be identified on radar, this project may offer new insights into forecasting of tropical cyclone maximum sustained wind speed. In addition, this project will support undergraduate student research, an undergraduate mentorship program, a scholarship for a high achieving student, and outreach activities that will help communities susceptible to tropical cyclones understand and prepare for their impacts. The project will use a comprehensive airborne Doppler radar dataset to examine how precipitation modes perturb kinematic fields such as the three-dimensional velocity, vertical vorticity, divergence, and absolute angular momentum. Since airborne radar data does not contain thermodynamic measurements, the project will use a full physics numerical weather prediction model to further explore if precipitation modes are more closely associated with kinematic perturbations or thermodynamic perturbations such as in humidity. Furthermore, the project will show how precipitation modes lead to differing diabatic heating profiles and will use a linear model to examine how the diabatic heating profiles lead to changes in mean vortex structure. The impacts of precipitation will be evaluated in environments with differing vertical wind shear magnitudes, which can impact the distribution of the precipitation modes. The results of this project will lead to a new holistic model about the role of different precipitation modes in tropical cyclones and how that role is controlled by different vertical wind shear environments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带气旋，也称为飓风或台风，通过大风，风暴潮和大雨对沿海社区构成重大威胁。对热带气旋的不良预测会导致较不准备的社区，从而加剧了这些强大的风暴的影响。该项目旨在了解不同类型的降水或降雨如何影响热带气旋最大持续风速。根据空气在云中的速度上升的速度，降水分为四类。空气上升速度更快的云被称为对流，最高的云被称为深对流，较浅的云被称为中等对流和浅对流。最轻的降水称为层状降雨，空气升高最少。可以根据其在雷达测量上的外观来识别降水的类型。该项目解决了每种降水如何通过对风暴结构的影响来影响风暴的最大风速。由于可以在雷达上确定不同类型的降水，因此该项目可能会为热带气旋最大持续风速的预测提供新的见解。此外，该项目将支持本科生研究，一项本科指导计划，一项奖学金，获得高成就的学生的奖学金以及外展活动，这些活动将有助于社区容易受到热带气旋理解并为其影响做好准备。该项目将使用综合的空降多普勒雷达数据集来检查降水模式如何扰动运动场，例如三维速度，垂直涡度，发散性和绝对角度动量。由于空气传播的雷达数据不包含热力学测量值，因此该项目将使用完整的物理数值天气预测模型来进一步探索降水模式是否与运动学扰动或热力学扰动（如湿度）更紧密相关。此外，该项目将展示降水模式如何导致不同的绝状加热曲线，并将使用线性模型来检查绝热加热曲线如何导致平均涡流结构的变化。将在垂直风剪切幅度不同的环境中评估降水的影响，这可能会影响降水模式的分布。该项目的结果将导致一个新的整体模型，讲述不同降水模式在热带气旋中的作用，以及如何通过不同的垂直风剪环境来控制该角色。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来支持的。