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The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, Geospatial Intelligence, and Civil Rights

学生非暴力协调委员会、地理空间情报和公民权利

基本信息

批准号：
1660274
负责人：
Joshua Inwood
金额：
$ 37.39万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-04-15 至 2023-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1660274&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee

项目摘要

This project will examine how Civil Rights Movement leaders and workers used geospatial data and techniques to calculate, map, and analyze the spatial and social dimensions of segregation and discrimination in the US South during the 1960s freedom struggle. At the center of this geospatial labor was the Student-NonViolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), which generated a series of detailed reports and other products that informed civil rights projects but which have been largely neglected by social scientists. From their field-based operations in Deep Southern small towns and rural areas, SNCC workers strategically compiled, disseminated and interpreted spatial and social information for the purposes of documenting and challenging the normative power of white supremacy and racial inequality. Understanding how Civil Rights organizations engaged in this "Geospatial Intelligence" (GI) advances an understanding of the potential of geographical data collection, application, and analysis to be utilized for the purposes of non-elite activism and social change. This research project contributes to Geographic knowledge and has the potential to impact Geographic curriculum and public thought through its plan of publication and innovative outreach. Specifically, the investigators will distribute research findings to a broad collection of community actors, including through the Tennessee Geographic Alliance and its partners within the state alliance movement and the National Council for Social Studies. They will create education materials for both the broader public and to facilitate classroom teaching and learning about the role of space and place in challenging segregation and discrimination during the Civil Rights Movement. In addition, findings of the research will be disseminated via the University of Tennessee "Pipeline Program", which offers an opportunity to engage with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and to recruit minority students for further graduate education. This research project relies on archival work at several Civil Rights related collections across the United States as well as a series of open-ended interviews with surviving members of SNCC familiar with the generation and implementation of geospatial data gathering and analysis techniques. Critical race theory and methodology and discourse analysis will be used to investigate the following questions: 1) How and in what ways and political contexts did civil rights workers employ mapping and geographical data collection and analysis strategies to identify patterns of racial inequality and targets for protest? 2) How did Civil Rights workers use or operationalize their Geospatial Intelligence methods and analytical products to plan and execute major civil rights projects and how do those products expand our definition and understanding of Black Geographies? 3) How do everyday forms of Geospatial Intelligence used by Civil Rights workers problematize and expand contemporary understandings of GI that strongly associate Geospatial Intelligence with defense and national security concerns? While the focal point of academic work for over a decade, GI-related research confines the craft to military-industrial applications. SNCC's use of geographical data and GI practice expands this definition and context as well as understanding of the inner workings of African American politics and the value of a Black Geographies perspective within a study of the Civil Rights Movement.

该项目将研究民权运动领导人和工人如何使用地理空间数据和技术来计算、绘制和分析 20 世纪 60 年代自由斗争期间美国南部种族隔离和歧视的空间和社会维度。这一地理空间劳动的中心是学生非暴力协调委员会（SNCC），该委员会生成了一系列详细报告和其他产品，为民权项目提供信息，但在很大程度上被社会科学家忽视了。 SNCC 工作人员通过在南方腹地小城镇和农村地区的实地运作，战略性地汇编、传播和解释空间和社会信息，以记录和挑战白人至上和种族不平等的规范力量。了解民权组织如何参与“地理空间情报”（GI），可以增进对地理数据收集、应用和分析用于非精英行动主义和社会变革的潜力的理解。该研究项目对地理知识做出了贡献，并有可能通过其出版计划和创新推广影响地理课程和公众思想。具体来说，调查人员将把研究成果分发给广泛的社区参与者，包括通过田纳西州地理联盟及其在州联盟运动和国家社会研究委员会内的合作伙伴。他们将为更广泛的公众制作教育材料，并促进课堂教学和学习空间和地点在民权运动期间挑战种族隔离和歧视的作用。此外，研究结果将通过田纳西大学的“管道计划”传播，该计划提供了与传统黑人学院和大学（HBCU）合作并招收少数族裔学生接受进一步研究生教育的机会。该研究项目依赖于美国多个民权相关收藏的档案工作，以及对熟悉地理空间数据收集和分析技术的生成和实施的 SNCC 幸存成员的一系列开放式访谈。批判种族理论和方法论以及话语分析将用于调查以下问题：1）民权工作者如何以及以何种方式和政治背景采用绘图和地理数据收集和分析策略来识别种族不平等的模式和抗议目标？ 2) 民权工作者如何使用或运用他们的地理空间情报方法和分析产品来规划和执行重大民权项目，以及这些产品如何扩展我们对黑人地理的定义和理解？ 3) 民权工作者使用的日常形式的地理空间情报如何解决和扩展当代对地理空间情报与国防和国家安全问题密切相关的理解？尽管十多年来，地理标志相关研究一直是学术工作的焦点，但该技术仅限于军事工业应用。 SNCC 对地理数据和地理标志实践的使用扩展了这一定义和背景，以及对非裔美国政治内部运作的理解以及黑人地理视角在民权运动研究中的价值。