Collaborative Research: An Integrated Understanding of the Initiation and Subsequent Dynamical and Microphysical Characteristics of Deep Convective Storms during RELAMPAGO

合作研究：对 RELAMPAGO 期间深对流风暴的起始和随后的动力和微物理特征的综合理解

• 批准号: 1661679
• 负责人: Matthew Kumjian
• 金额: $ 36.77万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1661679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integrated; Understanding; Initiation

RELAMPAGO (Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations) is a study of extreme thunderstorms. It includes a field program to be conducted from 1 Nov to 15 Dec 2018 in west central Argentina, which is regarded as perhaps the world?s best natural laboratory for thunderstorm research. Cutting edge observations from mobile Doppler radar and other instruments will be collected and then analyzed to answer the very basic question of why the thunderstorms in this region are among the most intense in the world. RELAMPAGO will identify the mechanisms that trigger these thunderstorms and contribute to their violence. RELAMPAGO will also determine why these extreme storms are such prolific hail producers, but do not appear to generate many tornadoes. Understanding the initiation and evolution of thunderstorms and how they generate severe weather in Argentina will enable scientists to create better, and more general, theories about thunderstorms in the U.S. This will lead to better forecasts of U.S. thunderstorms and their severe impacts, including hail and tornadoes, and reduce losses of life and property in the U.S. RELAMPAGO is a collaborative project with critical involvement from the University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University, University of Colorado, and the Center for Severe Weather Research. Student participation will help shape the careers of the future generation of scientists, engineers and forecasters by equipping them with cutting edge skills and knowledge. RELAMPAGO is a study of extreme thunderstorms. It includes a field program to be conducted from 1 Nov to 15 Dec 2018 in west central Argentina. RELAMPAGO is motivated by satellite observations showing that the thunderstorms in this region are arguably the deepest and most intense in the world. The scarcity of available ground-based observations has kept open the question of why these thunderstorms are so intense. Thus, a novel set of targeted, integrated ground-based instrumentation, including mobile Doppler radars, radiosonde systems, and deployable meteorological sensors will be used to investigate the local environment in which these storms initiate and organize, and the internal storm processes that generate severe weather. Specifically, the extensive suite of RELAMPAGO observations and complementary numerical simulations will be used to determine the convective triggering mechanisms in this environment, and the properties of the regional orography and circulations that contribute to the extreme nature of these storms. Orographically modified environments will be related to the frequency of supercellular convection and its transition to mesoscale convective systems. A new understanding of how such environmental modifications enhance hail production will also be gained, as will an understanding of how (and when) the environments support severe-wind production but reduce the likelihood of tornadogenesis through stronger cold pool generation and reduction of low-level vertical wind shear. This research on extreme thunderstorms outside the U.S. will leverage the results from past U.S. projects, permitting a more general, and geographically unconstrained, understanding of such storms. This will aid the development of conceptual and predictive models that can be used by forecasters in the U.S. and worldwide, mitigating future loss of life and property.

Relampago(使用自适应地面观测对带电、闪电和中/微尺度过程的遥感)是对极端雷暴的研究。它包括一个将于2018年11月1日至12月15日在阿根廷中西部进行的野外项目，该项目可能被认为是世界上最好的雷暴研究天然实验室-S。将收集移动多普勒雷达和其他仪器的尖端观测数据，然后进行分析，以回答为什么该地区的雷暴是世界上最强烈的雷暴这个非常基本的问题。Relampago将确定触发这些雷暴并导致其暴力的机制。雷安帕戈还将决定为什么这些极端风暴会产生如此多的冰雹，但似乎不会产生太多龙卷风。了解阿根廷雷暴的起源和演变以及它们是如何产生恶劣天气的，将使科学家能够创建更好、更通用的关于美国雷暴的理论。这将导致对美国雷暴及其严重影响(包括冰雹和龙卷风)的更好预测，并减少美国的生命和财产损失。Relampago是一个由伊利诺伊大学、宾夕法尼亚州立大学、科罗拉多大学和恶劣天气研究中心共同参与的合作项目。学生的参与将有助于塑造下一代科学家、工程师和预报员的职业生涯，让他们掌握尖端技能和知识。Relampago是一项对极端雷暴的研究。它包括一个将于2018年11月1日至12月15日在阿根廷中西部进行的实地项目。Relampago的动机是卫星观测显示，该地区的雷暴可以说是世界上最深、最强的雷暴。由于缺乏可用的地面观测，为什么这些雷暴如此强烈，这一问题一直悬而未决。因此，将使用一套新的有针对性的综合地面仪器，包括移动多普勒雷达、无线电探空系统和可部署的气象传感器，以调查这些风暴发起和组织的当地环境，以及产生恶劣天气的内部风暴过程。具体地说，将使用广泛的Relampago观测和补充的数值模拟来确定这种环境中的对流触发机制，以及导致这些风暴极端性质的区域地形和环流的性质。生态环境的改变将与超蜂窝对流的频率及其向中尺度对流系统的转变有关。还将获得关于这种环境变化如何增强冰雹生产的新理解，以及对环境如何(以及何时)支持强风产生，但通过更强的冷池产生和减少低层垂直风切变减少龙卷风发生的可能性的理解。这项关于美国以外极端雷暴的研究将利用过去美国项目的结果，允许对此类风暴有更全面的、地理上不受限制的了解。这将有助于开发可供美国和世界各地的预报员使用的概念性和预测性模型，减少未来的生命和财产损失。

项目成果

Application of Spectral Polarimetry to a Hailstorm at Low Elevation Angle

光谱偏振测量在低仰角冰雹中的应用

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-18-0115.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Wang, Yadong;Yu, Tian-You;Ryzhkov, Alexander V.;Kumjian, Matthew R.
• 通讯作者: Kumjian, Matthew R.

A Hail Growth Trajectory Model for Exploring the Environmental Controls on Hail Size: Model Physics and Idealized Tests

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0016.1
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: M. Kumjian;K. Lombardo

Comparisons of Electromagnetic Scattering Properties of Real Hailstones and Spheroids

• DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-17-0344.1
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Jiang, Zhiyuan;Kumjian, Matthew R.;Heymsfield, Andrew J.
• 通讯作者: Heymsfield, Andrew J.

Observations of the Discrete Propagation of a Mesoscale Convective System during RELAMPAGO–CACTI

RELAMPAGO—CACTI 期间中尺度对流系统离散传播的观测

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-21-0265.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Lombardo, Kelly;Kumjian, Matthew R.
• 通讯作者: Kumjian, Matthew R.

Hailstone Shapes

冰雹形状

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0250.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Shedd, Laura;Kumjian, Matthew R.;Giammanco, Ian;Brown-Giammanco, Tanya;Maiden, B. Ross
• 通讯作者: Maiden, B. Ross