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Nanomanufacturing of Three-Dimensional Nanofiber-Nanoparticle Electrodes for Ultra-low Platinum Fuel Cells

用于超低铂燃料电池的三维纳米纤维-纳米颗粒电极的纳米制造

基本信息

批准号：
1661822
负责人：
Yossef Elabd
金额：
$ 30万
依托单位：
Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1661822&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Nanomanufacturing Three Dimensional Nanofiber Nanoparticle

项目摘要

Today, electric vehicles are the only zero-emission vehicle option. They are either fuel cell and battery-powered. Fuel cells have key advantages over batteries for vehicles with 300-mile driving range, e.g., 6-times higher specific energies (i.e., lower weight-to-power ratio), 6-times lower energy storage (i.e., lower fuel weight), and rapid re-fueling times (i.e., shorter recharge times). Although automakers have engineered solutions to many of the major hurdles to bringing the fuel cell vehicle to the market place, the high cost due to the required precious metal platinum electrodes is a major factor that has limited their mass commercialization. This award investigates the manufacturing of unique nanofiber-nanoparticle fuel cell electrodes, the nanomaterial-electrochemical relationships in these electrodes and their subsequent impact on fuel cell performance. This project establishes a fundamental understanding of designing optimal advanced nanostructured electrodes for fuel cells that significantly lowers the required platinum and therefore lowers their cost. This research provides pathways to mass commercialization of efficient low-cost fuel cells, which can have significant impact on society, where fuel cells will provide alternative energy at a lower environmental cost not only for automobiles, but for stationary power as well. The project's comprehensive experimental and modeling approach to understand the design and functioning of nanostructured electrodes has a significant impact on nanomanufacturing and electrochemical engineering. Outreach and education activities consist of involving K-12 students in fuel cell module technology and recruiting and training underrepresented undergraduate students in the laboratory.The overall goal of this project is to manufacture electrodes with advanced nanoscale morphologies and understand the impact of morphology on multiple simultaneous reaction/transport phenomena to generate fuel cell energy at higher efficiencies and lower costs. The specific objective is to nanomanufacture new controllable, well-organized three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber-nanoparticle electrodes that exhibit optimal fuel cell performance at ultra-low platinum contents. These new three-dimensional nanostructured electrodes are manufactured via a new process, needleless electrospinning/electrospraying with template-assisted nanofiber collection. A new three-dimensional fuel cell model is also developed to predict fuel cell performance with three-dimensional nanofiber-nanoparticle electrodes to guide in electrode nanomanufacturing. Accurate model parameters are obtained through a comprehensive set of advanced in situ and ex situ experimental techniques that are utilized to carefully characterize and analyze the 3D electrode morphology, electrochemical reaction rates, and transport properties. The new process produces fuel cell electrodes with advanced nanoscale morphologies that overcome previous shortcomings of severe transport and reaction limitations in low platinum loaded conventional fuel cell electrodes.

目前，电动汽车是唯一的零排放汽车。它们要么是燃料电池，要么是电池供电。对于行驶里程为300英里的车辆，燃料电池比电池具有关键优势，例如，6-乘以更高的比能（即，较低的重量-功率比），6倍低的能量存储（即，较低的燃料重量），和快速的再加燃料时间（即，更短的再充电时间）。尽管汽车制造商已经设计了将燃料电池汽车推向市场的许多主要障碍的解决方案，但由于所需的贵金属铂电极而导致的高成本是限制其大规模商业化的主要因素。该奖项研究独特的纳米纤维-纳米颗粒燃料电池电极的制造，这些电极中的纳米材料-电化学关系及其对燃料电池性能的后续影响。该项目建立了一个基本的理解，设计最佳的先进的纳米结构电极的燃料电池，显着降低所需的铂，从而降低其成本。这项研究为高效低成本燃料电池的大规模商业化提供了途径，这可能对社会产生重大影响，燃料电池将以较低的环境成本为汽车提供替代能源，但也为固定电源。该项目的综合实验和建模方法，以了解纳米结构电极的设计和功能，对纳米制造和电化学工程有重大影响。推广和教育活动包括让K-12学生参与燃料电池模块技术，并招募和培训实验室中代表性不足的本科生，该项目的总体目标是制造具有先进纳米形态的电极，并了解形态对多个同时发生的反应/传输现象的影响，以更高的效率和更低的成本产生燃料电池能量。具体目标是纳米制造新的可控的，组织良好的三维（3D）纳米纤维-纳米颗粒电极，在超低铂含量下表现出最佳的燃料电池性能。这些新的三维纳米结构电极是通过一种新的工艺制造的，即无针静电纺丝/电喷雾与模板辅助的纳米粒子收集。还开发了一种新的三维燃料电池模型，以预测燃料电池的性能与三维纳米纤维-纳米颗粒电极，以指导电极纳米制造。精确的模型参数是通过一整套先进的原位和非原位实验技术获得的，这些技术用于仔细表征和分析3D电极形态、电化学反应速率和传输特性。新工艺生产的燃料电池电极具有先进的纳米级形态，克服了以前在低铂负载的传统燃料电池电极中严重的传输和反应限制的缺点。