SusChEM: Bimetallic Catalysis for C-C and C-X Bond Formation

随着贵金属资源的减少和对化学制造对环境影响的关注增加，用使用廉价和丰富金属的催化剂取代贵金属催化剂是化学界面临的一项重大挑战。成功地利用非贵金属催化剂提高了许多对社会至关重要的技术的可持续性、经济性和环境影响。然而，要做到这一点，需要开发新的非贵金属催化剂，其功能与现有的贵金属催化剂一样，甚至更好。在这个项目中，曼卡德博士正在开发一种新的策略，用于催化对合成精细化学品和药物至关重要的反应。这一概念使用两种非贵金属来实现化学反应，通常用一种贵金属进行。除了实现有针对性的化学反应外，这些创新催化剂的开发还将影响许多其他依赖催化的化学领域。曼卡德博士领导着一支多样化的研究团队，并正在推动他们参与大学和社区的外联和领导力活动。这些活动包括为芝加哥的城市中学生进行化学演示，在研究和教学环境中促进实验室安全，并向广泛的受众传播研究成果，既促进了对STEM学科的兴趣，也促进了对可持续发展和环境责任问题的参与。在化学系化学催化计划的资助下，伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校(UIC)的曼卡德博士正在开发C-C和C-X偶联反应的双金属策略，这些反应协同利用两种贱金属来实现通常使用单点贵金属催化剂进行的转化。目标转化包括允许从简单的起始原料模块化合成酮产品的羰基化C-C偶联反应(通常由Pd催化)，允许直接合成有价值的合成构件芳基硼酸酯的脱氢C-H硼化反应(通常由Ir催化)，以及由双金属反应机理决定的具有特殊立体选择性的炔烃半氢化反应(通常由Pd，Ru，Rh，Ir催化)。在催化过程中两种或两种以上金属的合作是一种不发达的设计策略，因此该项目将对许多其他依赖催化的化学领域产生广泛影响。Mankad博士领导着一支多元化的研究团队，并推动他们参与UIC和芝加哥周边社区的外联和领导活动，包括与当地中学生的外联活动，促进实验室安全，以及参与可持续发展和环境责任问题，进一步支持该项目的更广泛影响。

Replacing precious metal catalysts with those using inexpensive and abundant metals is a major challenge faced by the chemistry community as precious metal resources dwindle and the focus on the environmental impact of chemical manufacturing increases. Successfully utilizing non-precious metal catalysts improves the sustainability, economics, and environmental impact of many technologies that are crucial to society. However, accomplishing this requires the development of new non-precious catalysts that function as well as, or better than, established precious metal catalysts. In this project, Dr. Mankad is developing a new strategy for catalyzing reactions of importance to the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The concept uses two non-precious metals to achieve chemical reactions typically conducted with a single precious metal. In addition to achieving the targeted chemical reactions, development of these innovative catalysts stands to impact many other areas of chemistry that rely on catalysis. Dr. Mankad is leading a diverse team of researchers and is promoting their engagement in outreach and leadership activities in their university and community. These activities, which include conducting chemistry demonstrations for urban middle school students in Chicago, promoting laboratory safety in research and teaching settings, and disseminating research results to a wide range of audiences, are promoting both interest in STEM disciplines and engagement in the issues of sustainability and environmental responsibility.With funding from the Chemical Catalysis Program of the Chemistry Division, Dr. Mankad of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is developing bimetallic strategies for C-C and C-X coupling reactions that utilize two base metals cooperatively to achieve transformations typically conducted using single-site noble metal catalysts. The targeted transformations include carbonylative C-C coupling reactions (typically catalyzed by Pd) that allow for the modular synthesis of ketone products from simple starting materials, dehydrogenative C-H borylation reactions (typically catalyzed by Ir) that allow for direct synthesis of arylboronic esters that are valuable synthetic building blocks, and alkyne semi-hydrogenation reactions (typically catalyzed by Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir) that exhibit unusual stereoselectivity dictated by the bimetallic reaction mechanism. The cooperation of two or more metals during catalysis is an under-developed design strategy, and so this project stands to have a broad impact on many other areas of chemistry that depend on catalysis. Dr. Mankad leads a diverse team of researchers and promotes their participation in outreach and leadership activities at UIC and in the surrounding Chicago community, including outreach to local middle school students, promotion of laboratory safety, and engagement in issues of sustainability and environmental responsibility, that further support the broader impacts of the project.