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The development of sentence internal capitalization of the first letter of nouns in German - a corpus-linguistic study of the interaction of cognitive-semantic and syntactic factors

德语名词首字母句内大写的发展——认知语义与句法因素相互作用的语料库语言学研究

基本信息

批准号：
228096696
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Renata Szczepaniak
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Germanistik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/228096696?language=en
关键词：
development sentence internal capitalization first

项目摘要

The topic of our project is the development of sentence-internal capitalization of words (SIC) in German. From earlier studies we know that the decisive period for the extension of capital letters falls into Early New High German (ENHG) from 14th until 17th century. In our approach, we will explain this phenomenon by the interaction of cognitive-semantic and syntactic factors. Both dimensions will be systematically mapped on each other. The goal of the project is to show that the extension of the capital letters was motivated by cognitive-semantic categories such as animacy and individualization and took place according to semantic (degree of agentivity) and syntactic functions (subject, object, etc.). Although the development of SIC took place in different areas at different times, we assume that the same cognitive-semantic and syntactic principles were at work. That includes that the order of extensional phases is roughly the same. Hence, our approach does not necessarily rely on the standardizing role of individual chanceries, but rather foregrounds cognitive factors. We, thus, interpret the SIC from a grammaticalization perspective, as this process starts out with a pragmatic use of capital letters. In other words, we assume that initially capitalization has the function of emphasizing relevant information. It spreads over scalar semantic categories including animacy (animated > unanimated), individualization (definite > indefinite; singular > plural), agentivity (agent > patient), and syntactic categories (subject > object > adverbial). In the course of time, these factors more and more disappear and are substituted by a merely syntactic motivation, i.e. that the head of the nominal phrase is capitalized, independently of its meaning. Our hypotheses rely on a database consisting 56 ENHG protocols of interrogation of witches from 1570-1665.

我们项目的主题是德语句子内部单词大写（SIC）的发展。从早期的研究中我们知道，大写字母扩展的决定性时期是14世纪至17世纪的早期新高地德语（ENHG）。在我们的方法中，我们将通过认知语义和句法因素的相互作用来解释这种现象。这两个维度将被系统地相互映射。该项目的目标是表明大写字母的扩展是由认知语义类别（例如生命性和个性化）驱动的，并且根据语义（主体性程度）和句法功能（主语、宾语等）进行。尽管 SIC 的发展发生在不同的领域、不同的时间，但我们假设相同的认知语义和句法原则在起作用。这包括伸展阶段的顺序大致相同。因此，我们的方法不一定依赖于个别机构的标准化作用，而是强调认知因素。因此，我们从语法化的角度解释 SIC，因为这个过程始于大写字母的实用使用。换句话说，我们假设初始大写具有强调相关信息的功能。它分布在标量语义类别中，包括生命性（有生命>无生命）、个体化（确定>不定；单数>复数）、主体性（主体>受事者）和句法类别（主语>宾语>状语）。随着时间的推移，这些因素越来越消失，并被纯粹的句法动机所取代，即名词性短语的中心词大写，与其含义无关。我们的假设依赖于一个数据库，该数据库包含 1570 年至 1665 年期间审讯女巫的 56 个 ENHG 协议。