DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Phylogeny, reticulate evolution, and historical biogeography in the Hawaiian lobeliad genera Cyanea and Clermontia

论文研究：夏威夷半叶莲属 Cyanea 和 Clermontia 的系统发育、网状进化和历史生物地理学

• 批准号: 1702007
• 负责人: Thomas Givnish
• 金额: $ 1.99万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702007&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Phylogeny; reticulate; evolution

Adaptive radiations, where a group of organisms has radiated to perform a number of ecological roles, offer an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that allow species to diversify rapidly within a limited geographical area. Members of the lobelia plant family (Lobeliaceae) restricted to the Hawaiian Islands have undergone a remarkable divergence in habitat, growth form, leaf size and shape, floral morphology, and mechanism of seed dispersal, and are considered one of the best examples of an adaptive radiation in plants. Previous studies have shown that this group of 140 species was derived from a single colonization 13 million years ago, long before many of the Hawaiian islands of today had emerged from the Pacific. Hawaiian lobeliads now represent 12% of the native Hawaiian flora and are the most species-rich plant lineage found on any single group of oceanic islands on Earth. The two largest genera, Cyanea and Clermontia, comprising approximately 100 species form the largest sublineage within the group. Previous phylogenetic analyses of Cyanea-Clermontia were inconclusive due to a combination of limited sampling within the group and insufficient DNA sequence variation to reconstruct a well-supported estimate of relationships. Cyanea-Clermontia, by its very size, ecological and morphological diversity, and high proportion of species restricted to single islands (each of known age), offers unique opportunities for studying adaptive radiation, speciation, and historical biogeography. Understanding relationships within this lineage could provide new insights into the rise of plant and animal diversity on Hawaii, and identify traits associated with a tendency to become rare or extinct. This project will (1) broadly train a graduate student in plant systematics and historical biogeography analyses; (2) develop molecular phylogenetic analysis pipelines to aid in the study of other recent radiations; (3) produce a well-documented collection of DNA samples to permit future studies of this important group; and (4) create a website on the diversification of native Hawaiian lobeliads, to disseminate findings to a broad range of amateur botanists and lobeliad enthusiasts.Next-generation DNA sequencing data will be used to infer phylogenies of Cyanea-Clermontia from whole-chloroplast genomes and 400 nuclear genes for all living species sampled across their range. Analyses of these data will permit derivation of species trees and networks, analysis of hybridization, introgression, and other forms of reticulate evolution (important in Clermontia), reconstruct its geographic spread through time, and infer the pattern and tempo of evolution of key morphological and ecological character-states using a variety of tree- and network-based approaches.

适应性辐射是一组生物体通过辐射来发挥多种生态作用，为研究物种在有限地理区域内快速多样化的机制提供了机会。仅限于夏威夷群岛的半边莲植物科（半边莲科）成员在栖息地、生长形式、叶子大小和形状、花形态以及种子传播机制方面经历了显着的差异，被认为是植物适应性辐射的最佳例子之一。先前的研究表明，这组 140 个物种源自 1300 万年前的一次殖民，远早于今天的许多夏威夷岛屿从太平洋中浮现出来。夏威夷半边莲目前占夏威夷本土植物群的 12%，是地球上任何单一海洋岛屿群中发现的物种最丰富的植物谱系。两个最大的属，Cyanea 和 Clermontia，由大约 100 个物种组成，构成了该组中最大的亚系。先前对 Cyanea-Clermontia 的系统发育分析尚无定论，因为组内样本有限，且 DNA 序列变异不足以重建有充分支持的关系估计。 Cyanea-Clermontia 因其规模、生态和形态多样性以及仅限于单个岛屿（每个岛屿年龄已知）的高比例物种，为研究适应性辐射、物种形成和历史生物地理学提供了独特的机会。了解这一谱系内的关系可以为夏威夷动植物多样性的兴起提供新的见解，并确定与稀有或灭绝趋势相关的特征。该项目将（1）广泛培训植物系统学和历史生物地理学分析方面的研究生； (2) 开发分子系统发育分析流程以帮助研究其他近期辐射； (3) 收集有据可查的 DNA 样本，以便今后对这一重要群体进行研究； (4) 创建一个关于夏威夷本土半边莲属植物多样化的网站，向广大业余植物学家和半边莲属植物爱好者传播研究结果。下一代 DNA 测序数据将用于从全叶绿体基因组和整个范围内采样的所有生物物种的 400 个核基因推断 Cyanea-Clermontia 的系统发育。对这些数据的分析将允许推导物种树和网络，分析杂交、基因渗入和其他形式的网状进化（在克莱蒙西亚很重要），重建其随时间的地理分布，并使用各种基于树和网络的方法推断关键形态和生态特征状态的进化模式和速度。