Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Use Of Material Exchange In Long Distance Social Organization

博士论文改进奖：物质交换在远距离社会组织中的运用

• 批准号: 1702373
• 负责人: Patrick Livingood
• 金额: $ 2.35万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Use

Shawn Lambert, of the University of Oklahoma, examines prehistoric Native American Caddo pottery at mound centers in the Arkansas River Basin to investigate the ritual mode of production and distribution. The goal is to understand early social interactions between two diverse areas of the Caddo region. Archaeology is well positioned to research the relationships between emerging social complexity in small communities and their capacity to develop long-distance exchange networks that can persist for hundreds of years. In much of the developing world today small communities are knit into larger regional entities by exchange of goods which serve to forge social relations. Thus understanding underlying principles of linkage and how they are reflected in physical objects provides a valuable tool for discerning social organization. Recent archaeological studies have emphasized that communities with an emerging organizational complexity were engaged in large-scale production and distribution of highly valued pottery. The interaction fostered by communities who produced and distributed them created new social networks and long-term relationships, and influenced the historical trajectories of an entire region. From A.D. 800 - 1150, the inhabitants of the Arkansas River Basin built earthen mound centers that became important places on the Caddo landscape for ritual and mortuary activities. Formative Caddo pottery that had powerful symbolic meanings was brought to these mound centers and used strictly for mortuary purposes. However, their southern Caddo neighbors produced them in larger numbers and were used for a variety of domestic and ceremonial purposes. This suggests an extensive history of centralized production and long distance distribution of some of the most distinctive pottery known in North America. This study will have major implications for how we understand the origins and spread of pottery in prehistoric communities. This research is designed to identify the geographic locales and intensity of Formative Caddo pottery production and distribution and whether or not it led to meet the demands for long-distance exchange and mortuary use at Arkansas Basin mound centers. To better understand the ritual and social importance of the production and distribution of this pottery, this project employs two types of analysis. First, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) will be conducted at the University of Missouri Research Reactor laboratory (MURR) to characterize the chemical makeup of Formative Caddo pottery in the Arkansas River Basin. INAA will also be used on locally made ceramics from the Arkansas River Basin to create clay reference groups. Comparing these results with previously generated INAA data of the southern Caddo region will allow the researchers to determine the geographic origins of pottery recovered at Arkansas Basin ceremonial sites. Second, in order to turn this project into a historical narrative, it is necessary to have better chronological sensitivity through AMS dating techniques. Annual plants and charcoal samples will be sent to the University of Arizona AMS Laboratory. These samples will be chosen when their contexts are directly associated with the pottery that are used for INAA in order to explore the direct relationships of these communities for historical continuity or change within the Formative Caddo period.

俄克拉荷马州大学的肖恩·兰伯特（Shawn Lambert）在阿肯色州河流域的土墩中心考察了史前美洲土著卡多陶器，以调查生产和分配的仪式模式。目的是了解卡多地区两个不同地区之间的早期社会互动。考古学很好地定位于研究小社区中新兴的社会复杂性与其发展可以持续数百年的远距离交换网络的能力之间的关系。在今天的许多发展中国家，小社区通过商品交换组成了更大的区域实体，从而形成了社会关系。因此，理解联系的基本原则以及它们如何反映在物理对象中，为识别社会组织提供了一个有价值的工具。最近的考古研究强调，具有新兴组织复杂性的社区从事大规模生产和销售高价值的陶器。制作和分发这些产品的社区所促进的互动创造了新的社交网络和长期关系，并影响了整个地区的历史轨迹。从公元800年到1150年，阿肯色州河流域的居民建造了土墩中心，成为卡多景观上举行仪式和丧葬活动的重要场所。具有强大象征意义的卡多陶器被带到这些土墩中心，严格用于丧葬目的。然而，他们的南部卡多邻居大量生产它们，并用于各种家庭和仪式目的。这表明北美一些最具特色的陶器有着广泛的集中生产和远距离分布的历史。这项研究将对我们如何理解陶器在史前社区的起源和传播产生重大影响。本研究的目的是确定的地理位置和强度的形成卡多陶器的生产和分布，以及它是否导致满足需求的长途交换和太平间使用在阿肯色州盆地土墩中心。为了更好地了解这种陶器的生产和分销的仪式和社会重要性，该项目采用了两种类型的分析。首先，仪器中子活化分析（INAA）将在密苏里州研究反应堆实验室（穆尔）的大学进行，以表征阿肯色州河流域形成卡多陶器的化学成分。INAA还将用于阿肯色州河流域当地制造的陶瓷，以创建粘土参考组。将这些结果与先前生成的南部卡多地区的INAA数据进行比较，将使研究人员能够确定在阿肯色州盆地仪式遗址发现的陶器的地理来源。第二，为了把这个项目变成一个历史的叙述，有必要通过AMS测年技术有更好的时间敏感性。一年生植物和木炭样本将被送往亚利桑那大学AMS实验室。当这些样本的背景与INAA使用的陶器直接相关时，将选择这些样本，以探索这些社区在形成性卡多时期的历史连续性或变化的直接关系。