Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Emergence of Disciplinary Networks

职务名称：学科网络的出现这个项目利用法国神经学的出现来研究社交网络是如何围绕新兴的调查领域形成的，最终将它们从想法转变为机构。是什么导致医学研究人员之间的密集社区关系与一套新的想法，以及这种耦合过程在关系类型之间有何不同？法国神经病学是回答这些问题的理想案例，因为其从业者之间的关系结构很好地代表了19世纪法国其他新兴学科和新兴领域的关系结构。该项目旨在重建1840年至1900年期间法国医学科学家之间的学徒关系、同事关系、合著关系和交流网络，并确定那些将成为神经学家的人之间产生关系结构的机制。数据收集自位于法国巴黎的档案馆，并使用统计网络和文本分析，以解决研究问题。本项目旨在解释为什么研究人员集体定向自己制度化的特定突破性的想法。 目前大多数关于科学领域社交网络的研究只考察了共同发表或共同引用网络，这使得人们无法解释学科的出现。本研究的学科网络理论框架对科学社会学的发展起到了关键性的推动作用，同时也提出了社会网络分析的两个核心领域。焦点作为网络的关键组织者，本研究阐明了新兴焦点影响社交网络的过程。此外，虽然网络科学的许多研究调查了科学社区的结构，但它忽略了研究人员的想法和其他属性，以及他们之间通常存在的大量关系如何凝聚成一门新学科的基础。从关系数据中检测社会群体的能力构成了网络科学家正在开发的最活跃的领域之一，但是没有模型能够准确地捕捉网络中的个体的特征如何产生社区结构。这项研究将揭示产生社区结构的机制。我的研究结果也揭示了在不同的社交网络之间产生关系的机制。

Title: The Emergence of Disciplinary NetworksThis project uses the emergence of neurology in France to investigate how social networks form around emerging areas of inquiries, ultimately transitioning them from idea to institution. What leads to the alignment of a dense community of relationships among medical researchers with a novel set of ideas, and how might this coupling process differ among relationship types? The case of French neurology is an ideal one with which to answer these questions because the structure of relationships among its practitioners well represents that of other nascent disciplines in 19th century France and emerging fields more generally. The project aims to reconstruct apprenticeship, colleagueship, co-authorship, and communication networks among French medical scientists between 1840 and 1900 and to identify the mechanisms that generated the structure of relationships among those individuals who would become neurologists. Data are collected from archives located in Paris, France, and statistical network and text analyses are used in order to address the research questions.This project aims to explain why researchers collectively orient themselves toward institutionalizing particular groundbreaking ideas. Most current work on social networks in science only examines co-publication or co-citation networks, which leaves one unable to explain disciplinary emergence. The disciplinary network theoretical framework of this research advances sociology of science in a key way.At the same time, it advances two central areas in social network analysis. Foci serve as critical organizers of networks, and this research illuminates the process through which emerging foci come to affect social networks. Further, while much research innetwork science of science investigates the structure of scientific communities, it neglects how ideas, and other attributes of researchers, as well as the multitude of relationships that usually exist between them cohere into the foundations of a new discipline.The ability to detect social groups from relationship data constitutes one of the most active areas being developed by network scientists, but no models exist that accurately capture how traits of individuals within networks generate community structure. This research will uncover the mechanisms that produce community structure. The results of my projectwill also shed light on the mechanisms that generate relationships among distinct social networks.