Herrschernatur(en). Der 'Fürst der Sinne' in der Frühen Neuzeit

该项目探讨了15世纪发展起来的逼真描绘的新可能性是如何影响表现形式的，以及对统治者（男性和女性）所谓的“自然身体”和“政治身体”的感知范围。第二个项目阶段转向内部，从关于外部表型的问题到关于感官的问题。在这里，这个项目将把重点放在作为外部世界和人类灵魂之间的自然界面的感官上——在早期现代人眼中，这是一种不稳定的关系，必须由智力和意志来约束和支配。这个过程是如何影响统治者的教育的，图像和人工制品在其运作中是否起着至关重要的作用（例如对业余制图技术的教育）？尤其是视觉——在早期现代观点中被称为“感官之王”——完美地象征着统治者的识别敏锐和非凡的远见。出于这个原因，统治者在所有光学问题上的专业知识，正确和错误的视角，以及（尤其是）他对支持和增强视觉的各种仪器，机器和模型的知识和接触将是我们研究的主要主题。在每一种情况下，感官都发挥着复杂的中介作用，在“自然”和“思想/文化/艺术”的两极之间进行谈判，而它们的自然美德是快乐和享受，它们的过程和愉悦的基本融合并没有被取消，而是在确保统治者福祉的多方面和基本斗争中发挥了关键作用。

The project asks how the new possibilities of lifelike depiction that developed during the course of the 15th century affected the forms of representation and the spectrum of perception of what has been called the 'body natural' and the 'body politic' of rulers (male as well as female). The second project phase turns inward, from questions regarding the external phenotype to queries regarding the senses. Here the project will focus on the senses as a natural interface between the external world and the human soul - a precarious relation in early modern eyes, which had to be disciplined and governed by intellect and will. How did this process inform the education of rulers, and did images and artefacts play a vital role in its operations (for example the education in amateurish draftsmanship)? Especially the sense of sight - the 'king of senses' in early modern opinion - perfectly symbolised the recognitional acuity and extraordinary foresight of rulers. For this reason, the expertise of the ruler in all questions of optics, of right and false perspective, and (not least) his knowledge about and contact with all kinds of instruments, machines und models that supported and intensified vision will be a prime topic of our research. In each case, the senses perform a complex intermediary function, negotiating between the two poles of 'nature' and 'mind/culture/art', whilst their natural virtue of delight and enjoyment, their fundamental blend of prodesse and delectare was in no way deactivated, but played a key role in the many-faceted and cardinal struggle to ensure the ruler's well-being.