Herrschernatur(en). Der 'Fürst der Sinne' in der Frühen Neuzeit

该项目询问了15世纪发展起来的栩栩如生的描绘的新可能性如何影响尺子(男性和女性)的表现形式和对被称为“身体自然”和“身体政治”的感知范围。第二个项目阶段转向内部，从关于外部表型的问题转向关于感觉的质疑。在这里，该项目将关注感官作为外部世界和人类灵魂之间的自然接口-在早期现代眼中，这是一种不稳定的关系，必须受到智力和意志的约束和支配。这一过程如何影响尺子的教育，图像和文物在其运作中是否发挥了至关重要的作用(例如，业余草稿教育)？尤其是视觉--在早期现代人看来是“感官之王”--完美地象征着尺子的认知敏锐度和非凡的远见卓识。出于这个原因，统治者在所有光学问题上的专业知识，正确和错误的视角，以及(尤其是)他对支持和强化视觉的各种仪器、机器和模型的了解和接触，将是我们研究的主要主题。在每一种情况下，感官都扮演着复杂的中介功能，在‘自然’和‘思想/文化/艺术’的两极之间进行谈判，而它们天生的愉悦和享受的美德，它们基本的散文和愉悦的结合并没有以任何方式被停用，而是在确保统治者福祉的多方面和根本的斗争中发挥了关键作用。

The project asks how the new possibilities of lifelike depiction that developed during the course of the 15th century affected the forms of representation and the spectrum of perception of what has been called the 'body natural' and the 'body politic' of rulers (male as well as female). The second project phase turns inward, from questions regarding the external phenotype to queries regarding the senses. Here the project will focus on the senses as a natural interface between the external world and the human soul - a precarious relation in early modern eyes, which had to be disciplined and governed by intellect and will. How did this process inform the education of rulers, and did images and artefacts play a vital role in its operations (for example the education in amateurish draftsmanship)? Especially the sense of sight - the 'king of senses' in early modern opinion - perfectly symbolised the recognitional acuity and extraordinary foresight of rulers. For this reason, the expertise of the ruler in all questions of optics, of right and false perspective, and (not least) his knowledge about and contact with all kinds of instruments, machines und models that supported and intensified vision will be a prime topic of our research. In each case, the senses perform a complex intermediary function, negotiating between the two poles of 'nature' and 'mind/culture/art', whilst their natural virtue of delight and enjoyment, their fundamental blend of prodesse and delectare was in no way deactivated, but played a key role in the many-faceted and cardinal struggle to ensure the ruler's well-being.