High Resolution 4D In-Operando Imaging of High Energy Density Battery Electrode Cycling

高能量密度电池电极循环的高分辨率 4D 术中成像

• 批准号: 1705321
• 负责人: Shawn Litster
• 金额: $ 29.95万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1705321&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Resolution; 4D; Operando; Imaging; Energy

This research addresses the challenges faced with advanced anodes for next generation lithium batteries for transportation applications, using a combination of advanced imaging and diagnostics. The research will establish and utilize an ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution test bed for 4D (3D space + time) in-operando imaging of batteries using nano-scale X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT). The scientific objective is to elucidate the failure mechanisms of the most promising anode chemistries for electric and hybrid vehicles, including Li metal, tin (Sn), and silicon (Si) alloying anodes. The results of this research could have significant benefits to advance battery technologies with Li metal, Si, and Sn anodes, which have the potential to significantly surpass current Li-ion battery technologies in terms of performance and cost. If successful, these batteries could rapidly advance the adoption of electric vehicles for reduced emissions, greater efficiency, and increased domestic energy security. The PI will support the research experiences of graduate and undergraduate students, integrate the research with courses, and communicate the work to the broader community.For Li metal anodes, the in-operando imaging experiments are focused on dendrite nucleation and initial growth at high resolution in standard electrolytes. The imaging will utilize the laboratory-scale nano-scale resolution (50 nm) X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) instrument. The instrument features Zernike phase contrast optics for imaging low Z materials like Li. A key advantage of nano-CT versus transmission or scanning electron microscopy is there is no need for vacuum and standard electrolytes can be used. In addition, the nano-CT images large volumes that match electrode length scales rather than the thin slices of liquid TEM cells. The experiments focus on the controlled introduction of micro/nano-scale physical and chemical features and characterizing their impact on problematic electroplating and the control of alloying in Si and Sn anodes. A key goal is to identify the surface and particle features that destabilize electrodes and yield dendrite nucleation and Li-alloying particle fracture. The 4D mapping of alloy phase nucleation and propagation will offer new insight into the stable phases of those systems, the particle/electrode morphology effects, and particle-particle interactions. The fundamental knowledge extracted from this imaging can then be applied to advancing the performance and safety of these electrodes.

这项研究解决了下一代锂电池运输应用中先进阳极所面临的挑战，使用先进的成像和诊断相结合。该研究将建立并利用超高空间和时间分辨率的测试平台，使用纳米级X射线计算机断层扫描（nano-CT）对电池进行4D（3D空间+时间）操作成像。科学目标是阐明电动和混合动力汽车最有前途的阳极化学品的失效机制，包括锂金属，锡（Sn）和硅（Si）合金阳极。这项研究的结果可能对推进锂金属、硅和锡阳极的电池技术具有重大意义，这些技术在性能和成本方面有可能大大超过目前的锂离子电池技术。如果成功，这些电池可以迅速推动电动汽车的采用，以减少排放，提高效率，并提高国内能源安全。PI将支持研究生和本科生的研究经验，将研究与课程相结合，并将工作传达给更广泛的社区。对于Li金属阳极，操作中成像实验的重点是在标准电解质中以高分辨率进行枝晶成核和初始生长。成像将利用实验室级纳米级分辨率（50 nm）X射线计算机断层扫描（nano-CT）仪器。该仪器采用Zernike相衬光学器件，用于成像低Z材料，如Li。与透射或扫描电子显微镜相比，纳米CT的一个关键优势是不需要真空，并且可以使用标准电解质。此外，纳米CT成像与电极长度尺度相匹配的大体积，而不是液体TEM细胞的薄片。 实验重点是微/纳米尺度的物理和化学特征的控制引入，并表征它们对有问题的电镀的影响以及Si和Sn阳极中合金化的控制。一个关键的目标是确定表面和颗粒特征，使电极不稳定，并产生枝晶成核和锂合金颗粒断裂。合金相成核和传播的4D映射将为这些系统的稳定相、颗粒/电极形态效应和颗粒-颗粒相互作用提供新的见解。从这种成像中提取的基本知识可以应用于提高这些电极的性能和安全性。