RAPID: Collaborative Research: Carbon and nutrient responses in an estuarine-coastal complex impacted by floodwaters from Hurricane Matthew

本项目是一项快速响应项目，旨在研究飓风马修极端洪水事件对沿海碳和营养元素循环的影响。研究人员旨在通过测量Neuse River河口- pamlico Sound （NRE-PS）沿海生态系统中的碳、氮和磷负荷，提高我们对河口和沿海系统如何应对极端事件的理解。NRE-PS是研究飓风马修对沿海环境影响的紧急研究地点，因为它位于发生的最强烈洪水的下游，而且它位于北大西洋“飓风路径”上，可能受到未来极端事件的影响。此外，它是该系统长期监测项目的重点，即1993年启动的Neuse River Estuary Modeling and monitoring program （ModMon）。这个日期很重要，因为它早于最近大西洋热带气旋活动的增加，并且能够捕捉到影响北卡罗来纳州海岸的主要风暴的生物地球化学和生态影响，包括飓风弗兰（1996年）、弗洛伊德（1999年）、伊莎贝尔（2003年）和艾琳（2011年）。在这些正在进行的观测中结合对马修飓风洪水的密集抽样，将能够比较由于一场大型热带风暴而进入这一沿海环境的物质通量，并与其他沿海环境进行比较。这项工作的成果将通过每位研究者的研究项目的现有外联努力广泛传播给当地和区域资源管理者、监管机构和其他利益相关者。营养负荷对利益相关者来说是至关重要的信息，因为纽斯河口是EPA 303(d)列出的氮受损水道。项目结果有助于了解极端天气事件对生态系统干扰的影响，并为沿海碳通量估算提供信息。在本项目背景下需要解决的具体问题包括：1)沿海碳和氮预算如何应对热带风暴和飓风带来的洪水？这种材料的生物和光化学反应性是什么？第一个问题可以通过一个相对较短但强度较大的观察期来回答，就像这里提出的那样。第二个问题在碳通量、食物网反应和其他生态系统过程方面与气候有潜在的遥相关，这需要更长的研究时间。然而，问题2可以通过进一步研究在回答问题1的短暂而激烈的采样期间收集的样本来回答。本项目提出的工作将导致对关键成分（如溶解无机碳（DIC）、溶解和颗粒有机碳和氮（DOC、POC、DON、PON）、N和P营养素）的通量和储量的估计，以及叶绿素生物量和色素分析。

This project constitutes a rapid-response effort to investigate the effects of the extreme flooding event of Hurricane Matthew on coastal cycling of carbon and nutrient elements. The investigators aim to improve our understanding of how estuaries and coastal systems respond to extreme events by measuring carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus loading into the Neuse River Estuary-Pamlico Sound (NRE-PS) coastal ecosystem. The NRE-PS is the urgent study site to examine resulting effects of Hurricane Matthew on coastal environments because it is downstream of the most intense flooding that occurred, and it is located on the North Atlantic "hurricane track", likely to be impacted by future extreme events. Furthermore, it is the focus of a long-term monitoring program in that system, the Neuse River Estuary Modeling and Monitoring Program (ModMon), which was initiated in 1993. That date is significant because it preceded a recent rise in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and has been able to capture the biogeochemical and ecological effects of major storms that have impacted the NC coast, including Hurricanes Fran (1996), Floyd (1999), Isabel (2003), and Irene (2011). Incorporating intensive sampling of the Hurricane Matthew flooding in the context of these ongoing observations will enable a comparison of the material fluxes into this coastal environment resulting from a major tropical storm and provide a comparison with other coastal environments. Outcomes of this work will be communicated widely via existing outreach efforts of each investigator's research programs to local and regional resource managers, regulators, and other stakeholders. Nutrient loading will be critical information for stakeholders because the Neuse Estuary is an EPA 303(d) listed waterway impaired for nitrogen. Project results can aid in understanding the effects of extreme weather events on ecosystem disturbances and inform coastal carbon flux estimates.Specific questions to be addressed in the context of this project include: 1) How do coastal carbon and nitrogen budgets respond to floodwaters from tropical storms and hurricanes? 2) What is the biological and photochemical reactivity of this material? The first question can be answered via a relatively short, yet intense, period of observations, such as is proposed here. The second question, which has potential teleconnections to climate in terms of carbon fluxes, food web responses, and other ecosystems processes, requires a longer duration study. However, Question 2 could be answered by further study of samples collected during a short and intense period of sampling proposed to answer Question 1. Work proposed in this project will result in estimates of fluxes and reservoirs of key constituents such as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, POC, DON, PON), and N and P nutrients, as well as chlorophyll biomass and pigment analyses.