Estuarine air-Sea CO2 Fluxes: Evaluating the Impact of Climatological Drivers Spanning Multiple Temporal Scales using Ships-of-Opportunity and Remote Sensing

河口海空二氧化碳通量：利用机会船和遥感评估跨越多个时间尺度的气候驱动因素的影响

• 批准号: 0726989
• 负责人: Hans Paerl
• 金额: $ 52.37万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0726989&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Estuarine; air; Sea; CO2; Fluxes

OCE-0726989Estuaries are among the most productive and dynamic aquatic ecosystems on Earth. Because they cover extensive areas of coastlines worldwide, estuaries play key roles in regional and global C cycling. However, estuarine air-sea CO2 fluxes, which represent the sum of the major metabolic processes in the estuary, are strongly influenced by intra- and interannual variability in climatological/hydrological forcings such as hurricane events. Because of limited spatial-temporal sampling resolution, previous studies have not been able to determine the impact of these different scales of variability on estuarine air-sea CO2 fluxes. In this research, an interdisciplinary team from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Oregon State University has been assembled to quantify air-sea CO2 fluxes in the nation's 2nd largest estuary, and to evaluate and quantify environmental controls upon those fluxes. North Carolina's Neuse River-Pamlico Sound estuarine system (NRE-PS) is downstream of rapidly expanding urban and agricultural activities and has had five category 2 or higher hurricanes make landfall in its watershed in the past decade. Additionally, the system's microtidal nature and long water residence time (2 mo) make it ideal for a study on estuarine air-sea CO2 fluxes. The NRE-PS has the added advantage of ongoing, spatially and temporally intense, long-term observational programs that will serve as sources of complementary environmental data; the Neuse River Modeling and Monitoring Program (ModMon), and a ferry-based continuous monitoring program (FerryMon). Robust evaluation of NRE-PS air-sea CO2 fluxes will be accomplished by outfitting a small research boat and three N.C. Dept. of Transportation ferries with CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) sensors, thereby allowing for year-round, high spatial-temporal resolution characterization of surface p CO2. Remotely-sensed (every 3 d) surface biogeochemical data, generated by an ongoing collaborative project with researchers at the U.S. EPA, will also be available. In addition to addressing air-sea fluxes, the data from this project will enhance an existing mechanistic biogeochemical estuarine model that is used to investigate linkages between nutrient and hydrologic forcings, and system wide C and O2 dynamics. This effort, in conjunction with synthesis of data collected during the other parallel monitoring programs, will be invaluable for assessing the ecosystem response to extreme climatological events such as droughts and a predicted rise in Atlantic hurricane activity. In terms of broader impacts, the NRE-PS exemplifies the classic symptoms of human and climatological perturbations impacting the coastal margin and so this project's results have the potential to apply to productive estuarine ecosystems worldwide. This project will also provide diverse educational opportunities for post-doctoral researchers, graduate students, and undergraduate students, who will be actively engaged in field and laboratory components and encouraged to develop independent research projects. The NSF-supported Summer Pre-graduate Research Experience Program (SPGRE) at UNC-CH and regional universities educating predominantly under-represented and minority groups will provide students for summer internships. Finally, high school students and teachers will be employed as interns during the summer field season, giving them a range of newfound experiences and knowledge to bring back to the classroom.

河口是地球上最具生产力和活力的水生生态系统之一。由于它们覆盖了世界范围内广泛的海岸线，河口在区域和全球碳循环中发挥着关键作用。然而，河口海-气CO2通量，这是在河口的主要代谢过程的总和，强烈的影响内和年际变化的气候/水文强迫，如飓风事件。由于有限的时空采样分辨率，以前的研究还没有能够确定这些不同尺度的变化对河口海-气CO2通量的影响。 在这项研究中，来自北卡罗来纳州大学查佩尔山分校和俄勒冈州州立大学的跨学科团队已成立，以量化美国第二大河口的海气二氧化碳通量，并评估和量化环境对这些通量的控制。北卡罗来纳州的纽斯河-帕姆利科湾河口系统（NRE-PS）位于迅速扩大的城市和农业活动的下游，在过去十年中，有五次2级或更高级别的飓风在其流域登陆。此外，该系统的微潮性质和长的水停留时间（2个月），使其成为理想的河口海气CO2通量的研究。NRE-PS具有额外的优势，即正在进行的，空间和时间密集的长期观测计划，将作为补充环境数据的来源;纽斯河建模和监测计划（ModMon）和基于渡船的连续监测计划（FerryMon）。NRE-PS海气CO2通量的稳健评估将通过装备一艘小型研究船和三艘N.C.部运输渡轮与二氧化碳分压（二氧化碳分压）传感器，从而允许全年，高时空分辨率表征表面二氧化碳分压。遥感（每3天）的表面地球化学数据，由一个正在进行的合作项目与美国环保署的研究人员，也将提供。除了解决海气通量，从这个项目的数据将提高现有的机械生态地球化学河口模型，用于调查营养和水文强迫之间的联系，和系统范围内的C和O2动态。这一努力，结合其他平行监测方案期间收集的数据的综合，将是非常宝贵的评估生态系统对极端气候事件，如干旱和大西洋飓风活动的预测上升的反应。在更广泛的影响方面，NRE-PS阐明了人类和气候扰动影响沿海边缘的典型症状，因此该项目的结果有可能适用于全球生产性河口生态系统。该项目还将为博士后研究人员，研究生和本科生提供多样化的教育机会，他们将积极参与现场和实验室部分，并鼓励开发独立的研究项目。国家科学基金会支持的UNC-CH和主要教育代表性不足和少数群体的区域大学的夏季研究生前研究经验方案（SPGRE）将为学生提供夏季实习机会。最后，高中学生和教师将在夏季实习期间被聘为实习生，为他们提供一系列新发现的经验和知识，以带回课堂。