Collaborative Research: EPRI/WERF: Collaborative Research: Electrical percolation in flowable electrodes for energy-efficient water re-use applications

PI名称：凯尔西·哈泽尔/玛尔塔·哈泽尔建议编号：1706956/1706290人们越来越需要开发低成本和模块化的水再利用系统，以促进工业、市政、农业和能源发电站排放水的最佳回收和处理。以优化用水为目标的战略可以显著缓解食品-能源-水关系核心的压力。为了水的可持续性，开发新的水去离子技术是势在必行的，这种技术可以很容易地扩展以满足分散的需求。电容去离子是处理微咸水的一种经济有效且能量较低的电化学方法；然而，这种方法存在着根本的局限性，因为该过程不是连续的。在这个项目中，一种新的基于流动电极的结构被认为是一种连续和可扩展的去离子和能量回收的方法。研究人员计划与当地组织(佐治亚州教师实习生联谊会和范德比尔特科学与数学学校)合作，设计一门关于苦咸水处理的体验式课程，以提高东南部的水素养。本项目的目标是促进对离子去除过程的流动电极结构设计的基本理解。PIS计划研究流动电极电容去离子(FCDI)用于水处理的概念。FCDI系统有三个流动通道，其中两个用于传输悬浮活性碳颗粒，用于去除或电吸附离子，以及一个中央通道，用于引导给水。到目前为止，很少有研究探索促进流动电极内有效的电荷转移和存储的基本机制。具体地说，了解流动电极内流体动力学的影响及其对形成、破坏或渗流网络的影响，可能会提高材料的利用率并控制电化学渗透深度。PI试图定义一个新的理论框架来描述粒子-粒子水平上的电荷和电子传导过程，以阐明促进高能效离子去除过程的理想化操作条件。PI将使用计算流体力学、先进的现场表征和实验室规模实验来研究流动电极中碳颗粒的渗流网络，以获得关于这一新兴去离子技术的新的基础和应用知识。通过基于同步加速器的先进技术，可以直接询问流动电极渗流网络的电、机械和微结构特性。这项工作有可能指导水净化新工艺的设计，并可能对涉及能量储存、能量转换和海水淡化的其他环境技术具有更广泛的相关性。

PI Name: Kelsey Hatzell/Marta HatzellProposal Number: 1706956/1706290 There is a growing need to develop low cost and modular water reuse systems to promote optimal reclamation and treatment of discharged water from industrial, municipal, agricultural and energy generation sites. Targeting strategies that optimize water usage could significantly alleviate stresses at the core of the food-energy-water nexus. The development of new water deionization technologies which can be easily scaled to meet the decentralized demands is imperative for water sustainability. Capacitive deionization is a cost effective and low energy electrochemical approach for treating brackish water streams; however, there are fundamental limitations to this approach because the process is not continuous. In this project a novel flow-electrode-based architecture is examined as a means for both continuous and scalable deionization and energy recovery. The researchers plan to collaborate with local organizations (Georgia Intern Fellowship for Teachers and Vanderbilt School for Science and Math) in order to design an experiential curriculum on brackish water treatment to increase water literacy in the Southeast. The objective of this project is to advance fundamental understanding of the design of flowable electrode architectures for ion removal processes. The PIs plan to study the concept of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) for water treatment. FCDI systems have three flow channels, two of which serve to transport suspended activated carbon particles, which remove or electroadsorb ions, and a center channel where the feedwater is directed. To date, few studies have explored the fundamental mechanisms which promote efficient charge transfer and storage within flow electrodes. Specifically, understanding the influence of hydrodynamics within a flowable electrode and its effect on the formation and disruption or percolation networks can potentially increase material utilization and control electrochemical penetration depths. The PIs seek to define a new theoretical framework to describe charging and electron conduction processes at the particle-particle level in order to elucidate idealized operating conditions that promote energy efficient ion removal processes. The PIs will investigate the percolation network of carbon particles in a flow electrode using computational fluid mechanics, advanced in-situ characterization, and bench scale experimentation to obtain new fundamental and applied knowledge regarding this emerging deionization technology. Direct interrogation of the electrical, mechanical and microstructural properties of flowable electrode percolation networks will be obtained through advanced synchrotron-based techniques. The work has the potential to guide the design of a new process for water purification and may have broader relevance for other environmental technologies involving energy storage, energy conversion, and desalination.