GOALI: Landfill Leachate Treatment with Solid Waste Generated Biochar

在美国，厨余垃圾通常被送往垃圾填埋场，而在垃圾填埋场，这些垃圾会产生更多需要处理的废物，如逃逸的空气排放和废水(也称为渗滤液)。其中一些垃圾可以转化为生物炭，这是一种从食物和庭院垃圾等有机物中产生的木炭，可以从废水中去除污染物(即通过吸附过程)。这种生物炭可以用来处理垃圾渗滤液，这将减少污染物，并提供能源。在与业界合作伙伴的协作下，私人投资促进机构将完成所需的基础研究和技术开发，以设计更具成本效益、环境可持续和可靠的废物管理和渗滤液处理系统。总体而言，它将帮助该行业克服当前废物管理系统带来的挑战，并支持该领域的进一步创新，以降低成本和对环境的负面影响，并从废物中提供可靠的能源。需要收集和处理垃圾渗滤液，以最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，特别是对地下水和地表水的影响。严重污染的渗滤液需要高级处理，如吸附。总体而言，治疗需要可靠、成本效益高和简单。虽然颗粒活性碳可以吸附许多污染物，但它相对昂贵，而且通常由不可再生的煤炭生产。生物炭是一种替代吸附剂，可以经济高效地从废物中生产，并对环境有利。将有机物质从垃圾填埋场转移到生物炭，导致碳封存，减少垃圾填埋场甲烷排放，并允许可再生能源和水处理吸附剂的生产。这项工作的总体目标是确定和开发一种更具成本效益和环境可持续性的垃圾渗滤液处理工艺和有机固体废物管理方法。这项工作有三项主要任务：(1)根据垃圾原料、灰烬预处理和温度评估生物炭吸附处理；(2)使用复制全规模性能的实验装置评估生物炭和再生生物炭的吸附和生物降解处理能力；(3)评估现有废物管理系统，比较不同渗滤液处理系统的生命周期成本和环境影响，并制定全面实施的标准，以与当前技术相比降低成本和环境影响。这项工作包括基础研究和应用研究，这些研究将帮助垃圾填埋场管理者确定最有效和最可持续的有机固体废物管理和渗滤液处理方案。PIS工作将开发一种创新的渗滤液处理方案，方法是利用生物炭构思一种新的吸附和生物降解方法，并生成数据以显示如何改进垃圾渗滤液处理。改善措施将确定优化渗滤液处理流程和固体废物管理流程的标准。预计这项工作将增进对生物炭开发和固体废物管理系统的了解。通过与行业合作伙伴的合作，私人投资促进师将开发一套教育体验，包括堆填区之旅、对学生的行业相关和专业指导、行业对课程发展的意见，以及行业合作者的客座讲座。预计该项目将通过同时使用有机废物来支持创新：(I)处理垃圾渗滤液，(Ii)生产能源，(Iii)减少废物积累和污染，从而减少目前对当地和全球社区产生重大负面影响的总体成本和环境退化。

1707149CookTrash in the US is typically sent to landfills, and while in a landfill this trash produces further wastes that require treatment, such as fugitive air emissions and wastewater (also called leachate). Some of this trash can be turned into biochar, which is a charcoal produced from organic matter such as food and yard wastes, that can remove pollutants from wastewater (i.e., by sorption processes). This biochar can be used to treat the landfill leachate, which will reduce pollutants and provide a source of energy. In collaboration with an industry partner, the PIs will complete the fundamental research and technology development needed to design more cost-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and reliable waste management and leachate treatment systems. Overall, it will help the industry overcome challenges posed by current waste management systems and support further innovation in this field to reduce costs and negative environmental impacts and to provide a reliable energy source from waste. The collection and treatment of landfill leachate are required to minimize negative environmental impacts, especially on groundwater and surface water. Heavily polluted leachates require advanced treatment, such as adsorption. Overall, treatment needs to be reliable, cost-effective, and simple. While granular activated carbon can adsorb many contaminants, it is relatively expensive and often produced from non-renewable coal. Biochar, an alternative adsorbent, can be cost-effective, produced from waste, and environmentally beneficial. Diverting organic matter from landfills to biochar, results in carbon sequestration, reduces landfill methane emissions, and allows for the renewable production of energy and of water treatment adsorbents. The overall objective of this work is to identify and develop a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable landfill leachate treatment process and organic solid waste management approach. This work has three main tasks: (1) evaluate biochar adsorption treatment based on raw waste material, ash pre-treatment, and temperature; (2) evaluate biochar and regenerated biochar adsorption and biodegradation treatment capacity using an experimental setup that replicates full-scale performance; and (3) evaluate current waste management systems to compare the life cycle costs and environmental impacts of the different leachate treatment systems and develop criteria for full-scale implementation to reduce costs and environmental impacts compared with current technologies. This work includes both fundamental and applied research that will help landfill managers determine the most effective and sustainable organic solids waste management and leachate treatment options. The PIs work will develop an innovative leachate treatment option by conceptualizing a new adsorption and biodegradation approach using biochar and by generating data to show how to improve landfill leachate treatment. The PIs will identify criteria for optimizing the leachate treatment process and solid waste management processes. It is expected that this work will advance knowledge in biochar development and solid waste management systems. Through collaboration with the industry partner, the PIs will develop a suite of educational experiences including landfill tours, industry relevant and professional mentoring of students, industry input on curriculum development, and guest lectures by the industrial collaborator. It is expected that this project will support innovation by simultaneously using organic waste to: (i) treat landfill leachate, (ii) produce energy, and (iii) reduce waste accumulation and contamination, thereby reducing overall costs and environmental degradation that currently have significant negative impacts on local and global communities.