Collaborative Research: A Comprehensive Picture of Black Hole Growth Over Cosmic Time: a multi-wavelength synthesis approach

合作研究：宇宙时间内黑洞增长的全面图景：多波长合成方法

• 批准号: 1716994
• 负责人: David Sanders
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1716994&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Comprehensive; Picture; Black

Black holes form when gravity pulls enormous amounts of matter into a small enough volume. Predicted by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, they were first detected in astronomical observations of a special kind of galaxy called an "active galaxy"---distinguished by the fact that a very big black hole at its center is growing at a rapid rate and radiating enough light to heat the entire galaxy. From detailed measurements of that light in thousands of active galaxies, the investigators will learn when and where these black holes grew over the past 13 billion years of cosmic time. They will also connect that growth to measurements of the black hole masses at different epochs in order to form a comprehensive understanding of how and when black holes grew and how much energy was radiated into the galaxy as a result. This in turn supplies a vital ingredient to theorists' models of how galaxies like our own Milky Way formed and evolved. This project will advance discovery while promoting teaching, training, learning and excellence through a collaboration with the Meyerhoff Scholars program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. This proposal will identify up to 16,000 active galaxies in three surveys (called GOODS, COSMOS, and Stripe 82X), which have complementary combinations of depth (sensitivity) and area on the sky. The active galaxies will be identified by the amount of X-ray light they emit. Their distances will be measured using optical and infrared spectroscopic observations at large telescopes to determine the redshift (i.e., the wavelength shift of atomic emission or absorption lines) of a large fraction of the active galaxies. For the rest, the investigators will estimate redshifts by analyzing the total infrared, optical, and ultraviolet light that they emit. Catalogs listing the X-ray, infrared, and optical brightness of each active galaxy will be made publicly available, along with their redshifts, so that anyone can mine the data to answer other astronomical questions. In this project, the investigators will analyze the overall spectral energy distribution of each active galaxy to deduce its dust and gas content. For selected subsets of data, the investigators will measure key characteristics like black hole mass, luminosity, amount of dust and gas (important for understanding whether any light is occluded), black hole growth rate, and the number of other galaxies near each active galaxy. The investigators will combine these measurements to model the growth of black holes over time, constrained by the data acquired. The investigators will also search for evidence of the interplay between black hole growth at the center of the active galaxy and star formation throughout the active galaxy; this will be most apparent in massive galaxies, like our own Milky Way. All these investigations will be published and made openly available to everyone.

当引力将大量物质吸引到足够小的体积时，黑洞就形成了。根据爱因斯坦的广义相对论的预测，它们最初是在对一种特殊类型的星系进行天文观测时发现的，这种星系被称为“活动星系”-区别在于它的中心有一个非常大的黑洞正在以快速的速度增长，并发出足够的光来加热整个星系。通过对数千个活跃星系的这种光的详细测量，研究人员将了解这些黑洞在过去130亿年的宇宙时间中生长的时间和地点。他们还将把这种增长与不同时期黑洞质量的测量联系起来，以便全面了解黑洞是如何以及何时增长的，以及由此辐射到银河系的能量有多少。这反过来又为理论家关于像我们银河系这样的星系是如何形成和演化的模型提供了一个至关重要的成分。该项目将通过与巴尔的摩县马里兰大学的迈耶霍夫学者项目合作，在促进教学、培训、学习和卓越的同时促进发现。这项提议将在三次探测中识别多达16,000个活跃星系(名为Goods、Cosmos和Strike 82X)，它们在天空中具有互补的深度(灵敏度)和面积组合。活动星系将通过它们发射的X射线光量来识别。它们的距离将通过使用大型望远镜的光学和红外光谱观测来测量，以确定大部分活动星系的红移(即原子发射线或吸收线的波长移位)。对于其余的，研究人员将通过分析它们发出的总红外、光学和紫外光来估计红移。列出每个活动星系的X射线、红外和光学亮度的星表及其红移将公开可用，这样任何人都可以挖掘数据来回答其他天文问题。在这个项目中，研究人员将分析每个活动星系的整体光谱能量分布，以推断其尘埃和气体含量。对于选定的数据子集，研究人员将测量关键特征，如黑洞质量、光度、尘埃和气体的数量(对于了解是否有光线被遮挡很重要)、黑洞增长率，以及每个活动星系附近的其他星系的数量。研究人员将结合这些测量来模拟黑洞随时间的增长，受所获得的数据的限制。研究人员还将寻找活动星系中心黑洞增长和整个活动星系恒星形成之间相互作用的证据；这将在大质量星系中最为明显，比如我们所在的银河系。所有这些调查都将公布，并向所有人公开。

项目成果

The Accretion History of AGNs. I. Supermassive Black Hole Population Synthesis Model

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafb77
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Tonima Tasnim Ananna;E. Treister;C. Megan Urry;C. Ricci;A. Kirkpatrick;S. LaMassa;J. Buchner;F. Civano;M. Tremmel;S. Marchesi

SDSS-IV eBOSS Spectroscopy of X-Ray and WISE AGNs in Stripe 82X: Overview of the Demographics of X-Ray- and Mid-infrared-selected Active Galactic Nuclei

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab108b
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: S. LaMassa;A. Georgakakis;M. Vivek;M. Salvato;T. Ananna;C. M. Urry;C. MacLeod;N. Ross