CSR: Small: Collaborative Research: Easily Adapting Apps to Diverse Wearable Form Factors

随着许多小型互联设备的出现--从家用电器到可穿戴计算机--无处不在的计算的愿景似乎越来越容易处理。关键障碍是软件开发工作。目前，程序员必须为每个不同的设备外形规格(如智能手机、智能手表和智能眼镜)编写大量代码。这项建议的研究目标是证明，操作系统、人机交互和编程语言的技术组合可以显著减少程序员使应用程序适应不同外形因素的工作。开发人员为一个外形规格编写应用程序，然后指定一个简单的元程序来将应用程序扩展到其他外形规格。本项目中提出的UIWear系统编写了元程序，以有效和高效地将智能手机应用扩展到不同的外形规格。UIWear有潜力通过以下方式改变可穿戴应用市场：(A)降低开发障碍，(B)智能地减轻智能手机和可穿戴设备之间的计算负担。无处不在的计算有可能极大地改善生活的许多方面，包括医疗保健、商业和教育。不幸的是，不同设备范围的扩大也带来了同样大范围的不同和复杂的编程模型，这在好主意和最终用户之间造成了障碍。这一提议如果成功，将极大地简化无处不在的应用程序的开发，使这些平台可供广泛的开发人员使用。增强无障碍服务的工作对于为视障人士设计新的应用程序是独立有用的。作为该项目的一部分而设计的软件将在一个公共网站上发布：https://github.com/sbunetsys.电子数据将在内部存档。所有数据在发布后将至少保存5年；可能会更长，具体取决于其大小和外部兴趣。该项目将在三个关键领域推进最先进的技术。首先，它将探索用于抽象和重构各种形状因素的图形用户界面(GUI)的新模型。研究方法是确定一种中间的、最小公分母风格的图形用户界面表示法，该表示法具有足够的细节以允许对图形用户界面进行重新定位、转换和缩放，但又足够简单，可以在任何设备显示器上以本机方式呈现。其次，UIWear框架将设计新的约束优化策略，在利用新外形的独特功能的同时，找到满足新外形限制的最佳UI。第三，UIWear框架将使用新的语言级分析技术来指导程序员跨多个设备进行计算。

With the advent of many small, inter-connected devices - from appliances to wearable computers - the vision of ubiquitous computing appears increasingly tractable. The key obstacle is software development effort. Currently, a programmer must write a substantial amount of code for each different device form factor, such as smart phones, smart watches, and smart glasses. The research objective of this proposal is to demonstrate that a combination of techniques from Operating Systems, Human Computer Interaction, and Programming Languages can significantly reduce the programmer effort in adapting applications to different form factors. The developer writes an application for one form factor, and then specifies a simple metaprogram to extend the application to additional form factors. The UIWear system proposed in this project compiles the metaprogram to effectively and efficiently extend the smart phone application to different form factors. UIWear has the potential to transform the wearable application market by: (a) reducing the barrier for development and (b) intelligently offloading computation between the smart phone and the wearable device. Ubiquitous computing has the potential to dramatically improve many aspects of life, including healthcare, commerce, and education. Unfortunately, the widening range of different devices also introduces an equally large range of different and complex programming models' creating an obstacle between good ideas and end users. This proposal, if successful, will significantly simplify development of ubiquitous apps, making these platforms available to a wide range of developers. The work on augmenting accessibility services is independently useful to design new applications for the visually impaired. The software designed as part of this project will be released on a public site: https://github.com/sbunetsys. Electronic data will be archived internally. All data will be kept for at least 5 years after publication; likely longer, depending on its size and outside interest. The project will advance the state-of-the-art in three key areas. First, it will explore new models for abstracting and refactoring graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for a wide range of form factors. The research approach is to identify an intermediate, lowest-common-denominator-style representation of the GUI that has enough details to allow the GUI to be repositioned, transformed, and scaled, but is simple enough that it can be rendered natively on any device display. Second, the UIWear framework will design new constraint optimization strategies to find the optimal UI that satisfies the limitations of the new form factor while leveraging the unique capabilities of the form factor. Third, the UIWear framework will use new language-level analysis techniques to guide programmers in placing computation across multiple devices.