CSR: Small: Collaborative Research: Easily Adapting Apps to Diverse Wearable Form Factors

随着许多小型互连设备（从家用电器到可穿戴计算机）的出现，无处不在计算的愿景似乎越来越容易实现。关键的障碍是软件开发工作。目前，程序员必须为每个不同的设备形状因子（诸如智能电话、智能手表和智能眼镜）编写大量代码。 本提案的研究目标是证明操作系统、人机交互和编程语言的技术组合可以显著减少程序员在使应用程序适应不同形状因素方面的工作量。开发人员为一种形状因子编写应用程序，然后指定一个简单的元程序来将应用程序扩展到其他形状因子。在这个项目中提出的UIWear系统编译的元程序，以有效地和高效地扩展智能手机应用程序，以不同的形式因素。UIWear有可能通过以下方式改变可穿戴应用市场：（a）减少开发障碍，（B）智能地卸载智能手机和可穿戴设备之间的计算。 普适计算有可能极大地改善生活的许多方面，包括医疗保健、商业和教育。 不幸的是，不同设备的范围不断扩大，也引入了同样大范围的不同和复杂的编程模型，在好的想法和最终用户之间造成了障碍。如果成功，这一提议将大大简化无处不在的应用程序的开发，使这些平台可供广泛的开发人员使用。关于增强无障碍服务的工作对于为视障者设计新的应用程序是非常有用的。 作为该项目一部分设计的软件将在公共网站上发布：https://github.com/sbunetsys。电子数据将在内部存档。所有数据将在出版后保留至少5年;可能更长，取决于其规模和外部兴趣。该项目将在三个关键领域推进最先进的技术。首先，它将探索新的模型来抽象和重构各种形状因素的图形用户界面（GUI）。研究方法是确定一个中间的，最低的通用渲染器风格的GUI表示，有足够的细节，允许GUI被重新定位，转换和缩放，但足够简单，它可以在任何设备显示器上本地渲染。其次，UIWear框架将设计新的约束优化策略，以找到满足新形状因子限制的最佳UI，同时利用形状因子的独特功能。第三，UIWear框架将使用新的语言级分析技术来指导程序员在多个设备上进行计算。

With the advent of many small, inter-connected devices - from appliances to wearable computers - the vision of ubiquitous computing appears increasingly tractable. The key obstacle is software development effort. Currently, a programmer must write a substantial amount of code for each different device form factor, such as smart phones, smart watches, and smart glasses. The research objective of this proposal is to demonstrate that a combination of techniques from Operating Systems, Human Computer Interaction, and Programming Languages can significantly reduce the programmer effort in adapting applications to different form factors. The developer writes an application for one form factor, and then specifies a simple metaprogram to extend the application to additional form factors. The UIWear system proposed in this project compiles the metaprogram to effectively and efficiently extend the smart phone application to different form factors. UIWear has the potential to transform the wearable application market by: (a) reducing the barrier for development and (b) intelligently offloading computation between the smart phone and the wearable device. Ubiquitous computing has the potential to dramatically improve many aspects of life, including healthcare, commerce, and education. Unfortunately, the widening range of different devices also introduces an equally large range of different and complex programming models' creating an obstacle between good ideas and end users. This proposal, if successful, will significantly simplify development of ubiquitous apps, making these platforms available to a wide range of developers. The work on augmenting accessibility services is independently useful to design new applications for the visually impaired. The software designed as part of this project will be released on a public site: https://github.com/sbunetsys. Electronic data will be archived internally. All data will be kept for at least 5 years after publication; likely longer, depending on its size and outside interest. The project will advance the state-of-the-art in three key areas. First, it will explore new models for abstracting and refactoring graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for a wide range of form factors. The research approach is to identify an intermediate, lowest-common-denominator-style representation of the GUI that has enough details to allow the GUI to be repositioned, transformed, and scaled, but is simple enough that it can be rendered natively on any device display. Second, the UIWear framework will design new constraint optimization strategies to find the optimal UI that satisfies the limitations of the new form factor while leveraging the unique capabilities of the form factor. Third, the UIWear framework will use new language-level analysis techniques to guide programmers in placing computation across multiple devices.