Ice in Clouds Monograph

该奖项为一本关于冰在云中的作用的专著提供了部分资金。 冰晶在云的形成、演变和对天气气候的影响中起着重要作用。 这本专著总结了科学领域对冰如何形成和演变的理解现状，以及我们测量这些冰晶临界特性的技术能力。 广泛传播过去的研究和讲习班的结果将有助于指导未来的研究，这是必要的冰微观物理学。专题论文，题为“冰的形成和演变在云和降水：测量和建模的挑战”，有5个主要目标：1）总结我们目前对云中冰演化的理解，从最初的冰形成到降水、融化、2）确定冰的形成和演变过程中尚未得到很好理解的过程，并强调这些知识差距对预报天气、预测未来气候、理解云电气化和航空危险的能力的影响，3）评估表征冰粒特性的现有和新的测量系统以及诊断或监测冰演变的模型，4）评估和比较用于处理云特性测量的方法，并推荐最佳做法，尽量减少不确定性，最大限度地提取信息，5）制定一份可以和应该实施的建议行动清单，以提高我们对云中冰演变的理解。

This award provides partial funding for a monograph on the role of ice in clouds. Ice crystals play an important role in the formation, evolution and impact of clouds on weather and climate. The monograph is a summary of the scientific field's current state of understanding of how ice forms and evolves and of our technological capability to measure the critical properties of these ice crystals. Broad dissemination of the results of past research and workshops will help the community to guide future research that is necessary in ice microphysics.The monograph, titled "Ice Formation and Evolution in Clouds and Precipitation: Measurement and Modeling Challenges," has 5 primary objectives: 1) To summarize our current understanding of ice evolution in clouds, from first ice formation to removal by precipitation, melting, evaporation or sublimation, 2) To identify those processes in ice formation and evolution that are not well understood, and highlight the impacts of those knowledge gaps on the ability to forecast weather, predict future climate, understand cloud electrification, and aviation hazards, 3) To assess current and new measurement systems that characterize ice particle properties and of models that diagnose or prognose ice evolution, 4) To evaluate and compare methodologies used for processing measurements of cloud properties and recommend best practices that minimize uncertainties and maximize extracted information, 5) To formulate a list of recommended actions that can and should be implemented to improve our understanding of ice evolution in cloud.