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Collaborative Research: Encoding and learning of internal models by the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum

合作研究：小脑浦肯野细胞内部模型的编码和学习

基本信息

批准号：
1723967
负责人：
Reza Shadmehr
金额：
$ 45万
依托单位：
Johns Hopkins University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2021-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1723967&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Encoding learning internal

项目摘要

The brain does not need the cerebellum to make movements. Rather, it needs the cerebellum to make accurate movements. The cerebellum endows the organism with the ability to internally monitor and correct ongoing motor commands. This monitoring requires the cerebellum to be able to predict errors that are about to happen, and correct for them before they occur. That is, the brain relies on the cerebellum to have accurate internal models that learn to predict sensory consequences of motor commands. However, it has been difficult to decipher how the cerebellum represents internal models: for many forms of behavior, including saccadic eye movements. By examining the relationship between simple spikes of Purkinje cells (P-cells) and behavior, this project will advance our understanding of computations in the cerebellum. Results of these studies could provide new avenues of rehabilitation for patients with cerebellar damage.The new idea in this proposal is that the basic unit of computation in the cerebellum may not be a single P-cell or a randomly selected population of P-cells, but rather a specific group of P-cells wherein all the P-cells share the same preference for prediction error. Using this idea, the collaborative team of investigators from Johns Hopkins University and University of Washington has found that during saccades, the simple spikes of P-cells predict with exquisite accuracy future behavior of the eyes. The aim of this project is to understand how the cerebellum learns to make such accurate predictions. The investigators present a new paradigm, one in which sensory errors are perpendicular to the direction of motion of the eyes. This paradigm is interesting because behavior shows considerable richness: motor commands that arrive early in the movement appear to change little following error, but those that come late show both high learning and rapid forgetting. Using a combination of experiments and computational modelling, the investigators will test ideas that behavioral changes are due to the neural changes in the P-cells: micro-clusters that do not prefer the error express their learning in the acceleration phase of the movement, whereas those that prefer the error express their learning in the deceleration phase.

大脑不需要小脑来做运动。相反，它需要小脑做出准确的动作。小脑赋予有机体内部监控和纠正正在进行的运动命令的能力。这种监控需要小脑能够预测即将发生的错误，并在错误发生之前进行纠正。也就是说，大脑依靠小脑来建立准确的内部模型，学习预测运动命令的感官后果。然而，很难破译小脑是如何代表内部模型的：对于许多形式的行为，包括扫视眼球运动。通过研究浦肯野细胞（P细胞）的简单尖峰与行为之间的关系，这个项目将促进我们对小脑计算的理解。这些研究的结果可能为小脑损伤患者的康复提供新的途径。该提案中的新想法是小脑的基本计算单位可能不是单个P细胞或随机选择的P细胞群，而是一组特定的P细胞，其中所有P细胞对预测误差具有相同的偏好。利用这个想法，来自约翰霍普金斯大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员合作小组发现，在扫视过程中，P细胞的简单尖峰可以精确地预测眼睛的未来行为。这个项目的目的是了解小脑如何学会做出如此准确的预测。研究人员提出了一个新的范例，其中感觉错误垂直于眼睛的运动方向。这种范式很有趣，因为行为表现出相当丰富的内容：运动中早期到达的运动指令似乎在错误后几乎没有变化，但那些迟到的运动指令显示出高度的学习和快速的遗忘。通过实验和计算模型的结合，研究人员将测试行为变化是由于P细胞中的神经变化引起的想法：不喜欢错误的微簇在运动的加速阶段表达他们的学习，而那些喜欢错误的微簇在减速阶段表达他们的学习。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Elimination of the error signal in the superior colliculus impairs saccade motor learning.

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1806215115
发表时间：
2018-09-18
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Kojima Y;Soetedjo R
通讯作者：
Soetedjo R

Behavioral training of marmosets and electrophysiological recording from the cerebellum