MRI Consortium: Development of High Throughput High Energy Diffraction Microscope

第1部分：由数学物理科学理事会（MPS）的材料研究部（DMR）和工程理事会（ENG）的土木，机械和制造创新部（CMMI）共同颁发的MRI奖项支持由四个机构（卡内基梅隆大学，普渡大学，犹他州大学和科罗拉多矿业学院）组成的财团开发高能衍射显微镜（HEDM）仪器。新仪器将使观察相变、材料粗化及其建模的独特原位研究成为可能。该仪器的测量还将促进其他类型的测量，从气体扩散和储存到超快冲击变形和相干衍射成像的应用，这将通过世界各地同步加速器的升级而得到增强。开发项目和由此产生的仪器将通过博士后助理的培训和指导，通过X射线科学的进步，以及通过仪器对工业和政府实验室感兴趣的材料的许多应用，产生更广泛的影响。通过先进的表征数据的可用性，将有可能开发材料性能和响应的改进模型，这些改进模型将缩短开发时间，并使材料具有更好的性能。第2部分：该主要研究仪器奖支持由四个机构组成的财团开发高能衍射显微镜（HEDM）（卡内基梅隆大学、普渡大学、犹他州大学和科罗拉多矿业学院）。该仪器能够实现一套高能（30 keV）X射线测量技术，提供有关多晶材料的结构和结构演变的独特信息。相关材料包括金属及其合金、陶瓷和许多功能材料。理解这些材料及其演变是一个多尺度问题，纳米尺度的晶格缺陷（位错等）在各向异性和不均匀的晶体环境中相互作用。这些相互作用产生了新兴的中尺度和宏观性质，必须针对极端环境中的应用，如喷气发动机，核反应堆，以及一般的能源和运输系统。HEDM在提高对这些材料的理解和建模方面发挥着核心作用。近场和远场HEDM使用三维空间分辨衍射来探测大体积样品内部深处的结构。测量在硬质材料中是非破坏性的，允许在材料经受各种热处理和机械处理时重复测量。在过去十年中，已经开发了用于解释所收集的兆兆字节原始图像数据的测量技术和相关软件。因为测量需要高通量的单色高能X射线，其针对每种技术特别定制（准直和/或聚焦），所以它们在高能同步加速器辐射设施（诸如阿贡国家实验室的能源部的高级光子源）处进行。新的多模态显微镜将完全集成数据收集协议和分析软件，以便输出数据集将在与数据收集时间相同的时间尺度上提供给研究人员，从而允许实验人员在测量过程中优化样品处理参数。硬件规格将利用探测器和定位技术的最新发展。将提供高温能力。为该仪器开发的软件将在高级光子源和世界各地的其他设施向社区提供。

Part 1:This MRI award by both the Division of Materials Research (DMR) in the Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) and the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) in the Directorate for Engineering (ENG) supports the development of a High Energy Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM) instrument by a consortium of four institution (Carnegie Mellon University, Purdue University, University of Utah, and Colorado School of Mines). The new instrument will make possible observations of unique in-situ studies of phase transformations, coarsening of materials and modeling thereof. Measurements with the instrument will also facilitate other types of measurements, from gas diffusion and storage to ultra-fast shock deformation and applications of coherent diffractive imaging that will be enhanced by the coming upgrades of synchrotrons around the world. The Development project and resulting instrument will have broader impacts through training and mentoring of post-doctoral associates, through advancements in x-ray science, and through the many applications of the instrument to materials of interest to industry and government laboratories. Through the availability of advanced characterization data it will be possible to develop improved models of material properties and responses and these improved models will lead to shorter development times and materials with improved properties.Part2: This Major Research Instrumentation award supports the development of a High Energy Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM) by a consortium of four institution (Carnegie Mellon University, Purdue University, University of Utah, and Colorado School of Mines). The instrument enables a suite of high energy ( 30 keV) x-ray measurement techniques that provide unique information about structure and structural evolution in the broad class of polycrystalline materials. Relevant materials include metals and their alloys, ceramics, and many functional materials. Understanding these materials and their evolution is a multi-scale problem with nano-scale lattice defects (dislocations and others) interacting in anisotropic and inhomogeneous crystalline environments. These interactions give rise to emergent mesoscale and macroscopic properties which must be tailored for applications in extreme environments such as jet engines, nuclear reactors, and general energy and transportation systems. HEDM is playing a central role improving understanding and modeling of these materials. Near- and Far-field HEDM use spatially resolved diffraction in three dimensions to probe structure deep inside of bulk samples. The measurements are non-destructive in hard materials allowing repeated measurements as the materials are subjected to a variety of thermal and mechanical treatments. The measurement techniques and associated software for interpreting the terabytes of raw image data that are collected have been developed over the past decade. Because the measurements require a high flux of monochromatic high energy x-rays that are specifically tailored (collimated and/or focused) for each technique, they are carried out at high energy synchrotron radiation facilities such as the Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The new multi-modal microscope will fully integrate data collection protocols and analysis software so that output data sets will be available to researchers on the same time scale as the data collection times thus allowing experimenters to optimize sample treatment parameters during the course of measurements. Hardware specifications will take advantage of recent developments in detector and positioning technologies. A high temperature capability will be available. The software developed for this instrument will be made available to the community at the Advanced Photon Source and other facilities around the world.