Ultrasonic Assisted Cold Sintering: Kinetics of Densification and Grain Growth Study in Binary Oxide Ceramics

非技术描述：25,000多年来，人类一直在使用一种被称为烧结的制造工艺，这种工艺使用高温和长时间的加工时间。人们相信，我们不再局限于这些高能量、低效率的传统策略。通过使用瞬态液相，人们发现陶瓷材料可以在前所未有的低温下烧结。通过超声波的加速刺激，假设可以获得更低的温度和更高的烧结过程效率，包括可能用于耐火材料(如砖)的各种无机材料。技术细节：考虑到致密化和晶粒长大方面的动力学，在简单的二元材料中，在冷(300℃或以下)烧结条件下，考虑并量化了烧结动力学。详细的结构研究正在与烧结的不同阶段相关。在改装的机械试验机上用膨胀计测定了致密化动力学。透射电子显微镜和交流阻抗谱被用来研究冷烧结过程中的缺陷微观结构、化学计量比和缺陷化学监测与工艺参数的差异。这一关于模型二元氧化物系统的基线数据提供了对冷烧结机制本质的关键见解。一项补充工作建立在这些研究的基础上，并解决了是否以及如何利用超声波辐射来提高冷烧结动力学的问题。有文献指出，超声波辐射和声化学可以改善颗粒的致密性、溶解和沉淀，自然导致人们猜测，冷烧结的许多机制和阶段将受到积极影响。

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: For over 25,000 years, human-kind has been using a manufacturing process known as sintering that uses both high temperatures and long processing times. It is believed that we are no longer confined to these high energy, inefficient traditional strategies. Through the use of the transient liquid phase, it has been found that ceramic materials can be sintered at unprecedented low temperatures. Through accelerated stimulus with ultrasound, it is hypothesized that even lower temperatures in greater efficiencies in the sintering process can be gained for a broad variety of inorganic materials, including the possible use in refractory materials, such as bricks. With such energy reductions in the process, it is anticipated that future techniques would be more efficient and lower cost.TECHNICAL DETAILS: The kinetics of sintering in terms of densification and grain growth are considered and quantified in simple binary materials under cold (at or under 300°C) sintering conditions. Detailed structural studies are being correlated with the various stages of sintering. Densification kinetics are being determined with a dilatometer in a modified mechanical tester. Transmission electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy are being used to consider defect microstructure, stoichiometry, and defect chemistry monitoring differences in the cold sintering relative to process parameters. This base line data on model binary oxide systems provides critical insights into the nature of the cold sintering mechanisms. A complementary effort builds on those investigations and addresses the question on if and how ultrasonic radiation can be utilized to enhance the kinetics of cold sintering. There is literature pointing to ultrasonic radiation and sonochemistry that can improve particle compaction, dissolution, and precipitation, naturally leading to the conjecture that many mechanisms and stages of the cold sintering will be positively impacted.