Ultrasonic Assisted Cold Sintering: Kinetics of Densification and Grain Growth Study in Binary Oxide Ceramics

非技术描述：25，000多年来，人类一直在使用一种称为烧结的制造工艺，该工艺使用高温和长处理时间。人们相信，我们不再局限于这些高能量、低效率的传统策略。通过使用瞬时液相，已经发现陶瓷材料可以在前所未有的低温下烧结。通过用超声波加速刺激，假设可以在烧结过程中以更高的效率获得更低的温度，用于各种无机材料，包括可能用于耐火材料，如砖。随着工艺中能量的减少，预计未来的技术将更有效，成本更低。技术参数：在致密化和晶粒生长方面的烧结动力学被认为是在简单的二元材料中在冷烧结条件下（在300°C或以下）进行量化。详细的结构研究与烧结的各个阶段相关。致密化动力学是在一个改进的机械试验机中用粘度计测定的。透射电子显微镜和阻抗谱被用来考虑缺陷的微观结构，化学计量，和缺陷化学监测的差异，在冷烧结相对于工艺参数。模型二元氧化物系统的基线数据为冷烧结机制的性质提供了重要的见解。一个补充的努力建立在这些调查和解决的问题，如果以及如何利用超声波辐射，以提高动力学的冷烧结。有文献指出超声辐射和声化学可以改善颗粒压实、溶解和沉淀，自然导致推测冷烧结的许多机制和阶段将受到积极影响。

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: For over 25,000 years, human-kind has been using a manufacturing process known as sintering that uses both high temperatures and long processing times. It is believed that we are no longer confined to these high energy, inefficient traditional strategies. Through the use of the transient liquid phase, it has been found that ceramic materials can be sintered at unprecedented low temperatures. Through accelerated stimulus with ultrasound, it is hypothesized that even lower temperatures in greater efficiencies in the sintering process can be gained for a broad variety of inorganic materials, including the possible use in refractory materials, such as bricks. With such energy reductions in the process, it is anticipated that future techniques would be more efficient and lower cost.TECHNICAL DETAILS: The kinetics of sintering in terms of densification and grain growth are considered and quantified in simple binary materials under cold (at or under 300°C) sintering conditions. Detailed structural studies are being correlated with the various stages of sintering. Densification kinetics are being determined with a dilatometer in a modified mechanical tester. Transmission electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy are being used to consider defect microstructure, stoichiometry, and defect chemistry monitoring differences in the cold sintering relative to process parameters. This base line data on model binary oxide systems provides critical insights into the nature of the cold sintering mechanisms. A complementary effort builds on those investigations and addresses the question on if and how ultrasonic radiation can be utilized to enhance the kinetics of cold sintering. There is literature pointing to ultrasonic radiation and sonochemistry that can improve particle compaction, dissolution, and precipitation, naturally leading to the conjecture that many mechanisms and stages of the cold sintering will be positively impacted.