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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Pronominals and Verb Agreement in Inuktitut

博士论文研究：因纽特语中的代词和动词一致

基本信息

批准号：
1728970
负责人：
David Pesetsky
金额：
$ 1.64万
依托单位：
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1728970&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Pronominals Verb

项目摘要

A central question in theoretical linguistics concerns the range of linguistic variation (to what extent languages differ) and language universals (to what extent languages are fundamentally the same at an abstract level, despite surface variation). Answering this question requires both detailed investigation of particular languages and broader cross-linguistic comparison. This project will investigate sentence structure and word structure in an indigenous language of North America. Many of the indigenous languages of the Americas are under-documented; detailed research into the linguistic properties of individual dialect groups is even more lacking for the dialects of the language targeted in this study. Specifically, the project will provide a comprehensive description and analysis of the structural properties of pronouns and pronoun-like verbal agreement forms and will compare the findings with what is already known about related and genetically unrelated languages. The documentation will form the core material analyzed in a doctoral dissertation produced by the CoPI. Broader impacts include a publicly available deposit of the recordings and transcriptions at the Alaska Native Language Archive at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, as well as the linguistic training of indigenous community members working on translation and language pedagogy. This, in turn, will aid the facilitation of dialect-specific language learning materials and thus contribute towards work in language sustainability. The CoPI, a doctoral student at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology, will document and analyze Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, one of a group of Inuit languages spoken in the Canadian Arctic territory of Nunavut, and which are related to Eskimo-Aleut languages spoken in Alaska. The work produced in this project will therefore build a solid empirical foundation for future linguistic research on Inuktitut and Inuit, as well as for the field of theoretical linguistics more broadly. The main hypothesis of this project is that the verbal agreement markers that encode transitive objects in Inuktitut are not canonical agreement markers, but rather "doubled clitics," pronoun-like elements that co-occur with objects. Historically, linguistic research on these elements has focused on European languages; however, evidence for such an approach for Inuktitut comes from striking distributional and structural parallels with these better-studied languages. This project will investigate how these clitics interact with the case system of Inuktitut as a whole, and show how their absence in other Inuit languages yields a slightly different case system, despite surface appearances. Variation in the distribution of case morphology across the Inuit languages is therefore tightly linked to the underlying structure of the verbal agreement forms. This project will also explore how this novel approach may be extended to account for other pronoun-related phenomena in Inuktitut, as well as case systems cross-linguistically.

理论语言学的一个核心问题涉及语言变异的范围（语言差异的程度）和语言共性（语言在多大程度上在抽象层面上是基本相同的，尽管表面上有差异）。回答这个问题需要对特定语言进行详细的调查和更广泛的跨语言比较。这个项目将调查北美土著语言的句子结构和单词结构。美洲的许多土著语言都没有得到充分的记载；对个别方言群的语言特性的详细研究对于本研究所针对的语言方言更是缺乏。具体来说，该项目将对代词和类似代词的口头协议形式的结构特性进行全面的描述和分析，并将研究结果与已知的相关语言和基因无关语言进行比较。该文件将形成的核心材料，在由CoPI产生的博士论文分析。更广泛的影响包括在费尔班克斯阿拉斯加大学的阿拉斯加本土语言档案中公开提供录音和转录，以及对从事翻译和语言教学法工作的土著社区成员的语言培训。反过来，这将有助于促进特定方言的语言学习材料，从而有助于语言可持续性的工作。CoPI是麻省理工学院的一名博士生，他将记录和分析加拿大东部因纽特语，这是加拿大北极地区努纳武特地区使用的因纽特语之一，与阿拉斯加使用的爱斯基摩-阿留申语有关。因此，在这个项目中产生的工作将为未来因纽特人和因纽特人的语言学研究以及更广泛的理论语言学领域奠定坚实的实证基础。这个项目的主要假设是，在因纽特语中编码及物宾语的言语一致标记并不是标准的一致标记，而是“双重clitics”，即与宾语同时出现的类似代词的元素。历史上，对这些要素的语言学研究主要集中在欧洲语言；然而，因纽特语与这些研究得更好的语言在分布和结构上有着惊人的相似之处，这证明了这种方法适用于因纽特语。这个项目将调查这些关键词是如何与因纽特语的case系统作为一个整体相互作用的，并展示它们在其他因纽特语言中的缺失是如何产生一个略有不同的case系统的，尽管表面上看起来如此。因此，因纽特语中格形态分布的变化与口头一致形式的基础结构密切相关。该项目还将探索如何将这种新方法扩展到因纽特语中其他与代词相关的现象，以及跨语言的案例系统。