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Doctoral Dissertation Research: Segregation and Its Effects on Social Disparities in Exposure to Air Pollution

博士论文研究：隔离及其对暴露于空气污染的社会差异的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1735295
负责人：
Mei-Po Kwan
金额：
$ 1.06万
依托单位：
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-15 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1735295&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Segregation Its

项目摘要

This doctoral dissertation research project will examine how racial and ethnic segregation impacts the unequal exposure to air pollution by considering the full range of spaces individuals experience daily (e.g., home, workplace, and leisure activity locations). The doctoral student will develop an individual-level segregation measure that incorporates this more comprehensive conceptualization of segregation and combine it with a method for assessing personal exposure to air pollution at a high spatiotemporal resolution. This new fine-grained approach will enable investigators to more reliably examine the association between segregation and the disparity in exposure to air pollution because it can improve on several methodological problems in previous studies that were solely residence-based. Moving beyond simplistic understandings based solely on residential segregation, the research findings will yield new insights into how the disparities in environmental exposures are shaped through complex socio-spatial processes and how non-residential segregation contributes to those disparities. The investigators will collaborate with relevant organizations and agencies to disseminate the project findings. Findings will provide more nuanced knowledge for future policy recommendations by emphasizing the need for policies that consider human daily mobility. The findings will also help promote general awareness and understanding of the unfair burdens of air pollution and the urgent need to address such disparities. This new knowledge will contribute to a more inclusive and comprehensive participation in policy-making and engagement in a constructive dialogue about environmental justice and a wider range of social disparity issues stemming from segregation.This project addresses three specific research questions: 1) Do individuals experience different levels of segregation over the course of a day, and if so, do racial minorities experience higher levels of segregation both during the daytime (i.e., in non-residential areas) and at night (i.e., in residential areas) than the majority? 2) Are the average exposure levels of different racial groups different, and if so, which group faces the highest level of exposure to air pollution? 3) How does the observed segregation at different times of day affect the disparity in total daily exposure to air pollution? The first question will be addressed by developing a new segregation measure that considers spatiotemporal proximity among individuals in combination with an activity-travel diary dataset that includes personal characteristics and detailed daily travel information (e.g., geocoded locations and time durations of trips). The differences between time periods will be examined using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). To answer the second question the doctoral student will use a geographic information system (GIS) to integrate exposure level data with diary data, as well as hourly air pollution data produced from air dispersion modeling. An ANOVA will then be conducted to compare the racial differences. The third question will be answered by geo-visualizing the spatial relationship between segregation at different times and differential exposures to air pollution using GIS and by conducting regression analyses on the association. This project will be based in the greater Atlanta, Georgia, region, but will be generating information that will be applicable to many other metropolitan locations in the United States.

该博士论文研究项目将通过考虑个人每天经历的各种空间（例如家庭、工作场所和休闲活动地点）来研究种族和民族隔离如何影响不平等的空气污染暴露。博士生将开发一种个人层面的隔离措施，将这种更全面的隔离概念纳入其中，并将其与一种以高时空分辨率评估个人暴露于空气污染的方法相结合。这种新的细粒度方法将使研究人员能够更可靠地检查隔离与空气污染暴露差异之间的关联，因为它可以改善以前仅基于居住地的研究中的几个方法学问题。研究结果超越了仅基于居住隔离的简单化理解，将对环境暴露的差异如何通过复杂的社会空间过程形成以及非居住隔离如何造成这些差异产生新的见解。调查人员将与相关组织和机构合作传播项目调查结果。研究结果强调制定考虑人类日常流动性的政策的必要性，将为未来的政策建议提供更细致的知识。研究结果还将有助于提高人们对空气污染不公平负担以及解决此类差异的迫切需要的普遍认识和理解。这些新知识将有助于更加包容和全面地参与政策制定，并参与有关环境正义和更广泛的种族不平等问题的建设性对话。该项目解决了三个具体的研究问题：1）个人在一天中是否经历了不同程度的种族隔离，如果是这样，少数族裔在白天（即在非住宅区）和白天是否会经历更高程度的种族隔离。晚上（即在居民区）比大多数？ 2) 不同种族群体的平均暴露水平是否不同？如果不同，哪个群体面临的空气污染暴露水平最高？ 3) 一天中不同时间观察到的隔离如何影响每日空气污染暴露总量的差异？第一个问题将通过开发一种新的隔离措施来解决，该措施考虑个人之间的时空接近性，并结合活动旅行日记数据集，其中包括个人特征和详细的日常旅行信息（例如，地理编码的位置和旅行的持续时间）。将使用重复测量方差分析 (ANOVA) 检查时间段之间的差异。为了回答第二个问题，博士生将使用地理信息系统（GIS）将暴露水平数据与日记数据以及空气扩散模型产生的每小时空气污染数据集成起来。然后将进行方差分析来比较种族差异。第三个问题将通过使用 GIS 对不同时间的隔离与不同的空气污染暴露之间的空间关系进行地理可视化并对这种关联进行回归分析来回答。该项目将设在佐治亚州大亚特兰大地区，但将生成适用于美国许多其他大都市的信息。