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Collaborative Research: Mechanisms of resistance and resilience to system-wide loss of a keystone predator in an iconic intertidal community

合作研究：标志性潮间带群落中关键捕食者全系统丧失的抵抗力和恢复力机制

基本信息

批准号：
1735911
负责人：
Bruce Menge
金额：
$ 69.96万
依托单位：
Oregon State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1735911&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Mechanisms resistance resilience

项目摘要

Diseases that compromise the health of predators can lead to large, abrupt and sometimes unexpected changes in the structure of ecosystems. This project will combine field surveys, manipulative experiments and mathematical models to both understand and predict the ecosystem-level effects of the unprecedented sea star wasting disease (SSWD) outbreak that devastated populations of Pisaster ochraceus, a critical predator, across the West Coast of the United States. Specifically, the project will determine (1) the ecological and environmental factors that promote vs. compromise the resilience of intertidal ecosystems to sea star wasting disease, (2) document the pace and extent of recovery from this major disturbance across the West Coast of the United States, and (3) identify hotspots of resilience to sea star wasting disease that may serve as important conservation targets to preserve these iconic ecosystems. The research will address important societal needs by cross-training undergraduate and graduate students in disease ecology, marine biology, mathematical modeling and biostatistics. Students from underrepresented groups will be recruited broadly from West Coast states. Each summer, four undergraduate students will be trained in rocky intertidal field research techniques. SSWD-focused modules will be developed and used in ecology courses at each institution to emphasize the importance of quantitative and interdisciplinary training for addressing important questions in biology. Graduate students will work with the Oregon Migrant Leadership Institute (OMLI) for migrant workers and their children to create workshops for students about SSWD. The PIs will continue interacting with the media and public groups, and will expand outreach activities through The Nature Conservancy and CoastWatch-sponsored workshops for high school teachers interested in involving students in sea star monitoring to ensure that the results of this project are disseminated beyond traditional academic circles. Finally, a series of model-based interactive web modules will be created as part of this project to illustrate the ecosystem-level effects of sea star wasting disease to the broader public. The studies on this model system will lead to a better understanding of how other ecosystems may resist or be vulnerable to human activities (e.g., fishing, hunting and habitat destruction) that asymmetrically influence top predators.Diseases that threaten the health of predators can reduce their top-down influence and thus lead to significant changes in ecosystem structure. In 2013-15, sea star wasting disease (SSWD) devastated populations of Pisaster ochraceus, the original keystone predator, along the west coast of North America in one of the most extensive marine disease events ever recorded. This project will leverage this unprecedented outbreak to test and extend keystone predation theory by documenting and explaining the temporal pace, geographical extent, and spatiotemporal co-occurrence of ecosystem recovery from SSWD. The disease event also provides an opportunity to test the resistance and resilience of a well-studied ecosystem at an unprecedented scale. At each of 14 sites, the investigators will quantify processes that underlie potential resistance of the system to loss of sea stars (prey recruitment and colonization, mussel growth, predation intensity, facilitative interactions among sessile organisms, and the effect of alternative predators). In the latter experiments, the PIs will conduct caging exclusion experiments to test the effects of both larger (e.g., birds) and smaller (e.g., whelks) alternative predators on prey recolonization of cleared plots. The investigators will also conduct a novel set of experiments to manipulate factors affecting facilitation of mussels by barnacles and turf-forming algae. All these empirical studies will be used to parameterize modeling efforts that will explore the longer-term and larger-scale implications of these processes, both for this system and for other ecosystems. Specifically, the PIs will fit a novel spatially-explicit metacommunity model to the empirical data in order to determine the relative importance of intraspecific and interspecific resistance vs. resilience mechanisms for the recovery of intertidal ecosystems following a historical, coastal-scale SSWD disturbance.

危害捕食者健康的疾病可能导致生态系统结构发生大的、突然的、有时是意想不到的变化。该项目将结合联合收割机实地调查、操纵实验和数学模型，以了解和预测前所未有的海星星星消耗病爆发对生态系统一级的影响，这种疾病在美国西海岸各地摧毁了重要的捕食者-赭色鱼星的种群。具体而言，该项目将确定（1）促进或损害潮间带生态系统对海星星星消耗病的恢复能力的生态和环境因素，（2）记录美国西海岸从这一重大干扰中恢复的速度和程度，以及（3）确定对海星星星消耗病具有复原力的热点，这些热点可能作为保护这些标志性生态系统的重要保护目标。该研究将通过交叉培训疾病生态学，海洋生物学，数学建模和生物统计学的本科生和研究生来解决重要的社会需求。来自代表性不足群体的学生将从西海岸各州广泛招募。每年夏天，四名本科生将接受岩石潮间带研究技术的培训。将开发以SSWD为重点的模块，并在每个机构的生态学课程中使用，以强调定量和跨学科培训对解决生物学重要问题的重要性。研究生将与俄勒冈州移民领导研究所（OMLI）为移民工人和他们的孩子创造关于SSWD的学生研讨会。PI将继续与媒体和公众团体互动，并将通过大自然保护协会和海洋观察组织为有兴趣让学生参与海洋星星监测的高中教师举办的讲习班扩大外联活动，以确保该项目的成果在传统学术界之外传播。最后，作为该项目的一部分，将创建一系列基于模型的交互式网络模块，向更广泛的公众说明海星星星消耗病对生态系统的影响。对这一模式系统的研究将有助于更好地了解其他生态系统如何抵抗或易受人类活动的影响（例如，威胁捕食者健康的疾病可以减少它们自上而下的影响，从而导致生态系统结构的重大变化。在2013-15年，海洋星星消耗病（SSWD）摧毁了Pisaster ochraceus的种群，Pisaster ochraceus是北美西海岸沿着有史以来最广泛的海洋疾病事件之一。该项目将利用这一前所未有的爆发，通过记录和解释SSWD生态系统恢复的时间速度，地理范围和时空共存来测试和扩展关键捕食理论。疾病事件还提供了一个机会，以前所未有的规模测试一个经过充分研究的生态系统的抵抗力和复原力。在14个地点的每一个，研究人员将量化的过程，潜在的阻力系统的损失海星（猎物招募和殖民化，贻贝的生长，捕食强度，促进固着生物之间的相互作用，以及替代捕食者的影响）。在后面的实验中，PI将进行笼舍排除实验，以测试两种较大（例如，鸟类）和更小的（例如，海螺）替代捕食者对猎物的清除阴谋。研究人员还将进行一系列新的实验，以操纵影响藤壶和草坪形成藻类促进贻贝的因素。所有这些实证研究都将用于参数化建模工作，以探索这些过程对该系统和其他生态系统的长期和大规模影响。具体而言，PI将适合一个新的空间明确的metacrobility模型的经验数据，以确定种内和种间的电阻与恢复机制的相对重要性，为恢复潮间带生态系统的历史，沿海规模的SSWD干扰。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（16）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Trait-mediated indirect effects in a natural tidepool system

自然潮汐池系统中特质介导的间接效应

DOI：
10.1007/s00227-019-3469-5
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Marine Biology
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Gravem, Sarah A.;Morgan, Steven G.
通讯作者：
Morgan, Steven G.

North-East Pacific: Interactions on intertidal hard substrata and alteration by human impacts

东北太平洋：潮间带硬质基质的相互作用以及人类影响造成的改变

DOI：
10.1017/9781108235792.011
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Interactions in the Marine Benthos: Global Patterns and Processes
影响因子：
0
作者：
Fenberg, P.;Menge, B.a.
通讯作者：
Menge, B.a.

Connecting Science to Policymakers, Managers, and Citizens

将科学与政策制定者、管理者和公民联系起来

DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2019.317
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Oceanography
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Lubchenco, Jane;Menge, Bruce;Barth, John;Carr, Mark;Caselle, Jennifer;Chan, Francis;Fulton-Bennett, Heather;Gaines, Steven;Kroeker, Kristy;Milligan, Kristen
通讯作者：
Milligan, Kristen

Community Responses to Climate-Related Variability and Disease: The Critical Importance of Long-Term Research

社区对气候相关变异和疾病的反应：长期研究的至关重要

DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2019.313
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Oceanography
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Menge, Bruce;Caselle, Jennifer;Barth, John;Blanchette, Carol;Carr, Mark;Chan, Francis;Gravem, Sarah;Gouhier, Tarik;Lubchenco, Jane;McManus, Margaret
通讯作者：
McManus, Margaret

Testing ecological release as a compensating mechanism for mass mortality in a keystone predator

测试生态释放作为关键捕食者大规模死亡的补偿机制