EXP: Readily Available Learning Experiences: Turning the Entire Web into Progressive Examples to Bridge Conceptual Knowledge Gaps for Novice Web Developers

计算正在改变我们的世界，迫切需要培养大量的专业开发人员来满足我国经济的需求。虽然学习基本的计算概念相对容易，但获取专业开发人员的概念知识和解决问题的技能是具有挑战性的。学习者目前缺乏支持他们从编写功能代码到编写生产质量软件的进步所需的材料。为了弥补这一差距，该项目将开发新技术，将整个专业范例网络转化为真正的学习机会。专业的Web应用程序提供了培训示例中缺失的丰富细节，并为学习者提供了按照学科模式进行思考的机会。通过提供专业网站作为学习资源，该项目旨在提高学习者的概念理解，并使他们更好地为专业工作中的编程挑战做好准备。新手开发人员缺乏所需的专业知识和自我指导技能：(1)建立专业范例的概念模型；(2)实现专业特征；(3)应用专业概念来解决各种问题。本项目旨在通过现成的学习经验(RALE)帮助学习者克服这些挑战，RALE是一个支持自主学习的理论模型和平台：(1)脚手架感知，以帮助学习者构建专业网站功能的概念模型；(2)脚手架过程管理，以帮助学习者实施来自专业范例的概念；以及(3)脚手架反思和表达，以支持学习将概念应用于不同的问题。为了在软件中实现Rale，研究人员将开发用于实现混合倡议脚手架的计算技术，这些脚手架利用学习者创建的构件与支持学习的自动化方法相结合。这个项目将使用基于设计的研究过程来研究RALE模型的有效性，并生成经验性验证的原则，以促进我们对真实学习环境的理解，这些学习环境为我们提供了进入专业工作的窗口。

Computing is changing our world, and there is an urgent need to train large numbers of professional developers to meet the demands of our nation's economy. While it is relatively easy to learn basic computing concepts, acquiring the conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills of professional developers is challenging. Learners currently lack the materials needed to support their progression from writing functional code to writing production-quality software. To address this gap, this project will develop new technologies that transform the entire web of professional examples into opportunities for authentic learning. Professional web applications provide rich details missing from training examples, and offer opportunities for learners to think in the modes of the discipline. By making professional websites available as a learning resource, this project aims to improve learners' conceptual understanding and better prepare them for programming challenges in professional work. Novice developers lack the expert knowledge and self-directed skills required to (1) build conceptual models of professional examples; (2) implement professional features; and (3) apply professional concepts to solve diverse problems. This project aims to help learners overcome these challenges with Readily Available Learning Experiences (RALE), a theoretical model and platform that supports self-directed learning by: (1) scaffolding sensemaking to help learners build conceptual models of professional website features; (2) scaffolding process management to help learners implement concepts from professional examples; and (3) scaffolding reflection and articulation to support learning to apply concepts across diverse problems. To realize RALE in software, the researchers will develop computational techniques for implementing mixed-initiative scaffolds that leverage learner-created artifacts in conjunction with automated methods to support learning. This project will study the effectiveness of the RALE model using a design-based research process and generate empirically-validated principles to advance our understanding of authentic learning environments that provide a window into professional work.