EXP: Readily Available Learning Experiences: Turning the Entire Web into Progressive Examples to Bridge Conceptual Knowledge Gaps for Novice Web Developers

计算正在改变我们的世界，迫切需要培养大量的专业开发人员来满足我们国家经济的需求。虽然学习基本的计算概念相对容易，但获得专业开发人员的概念知识和解决问题的技能是具有挑战性的。学习者目前缺乏所需的材料来支持他们从编写功能代码到编写生产质量软件的进展。为了解决这一差距，该项目将开发新技术，将整个专业示例网络转化为真实学习的机会。专业的Web应用程序提供了培训示例中缺少的丰富细节，并为学习者提供了以学科模式思考的机会。通过提供专业网站作为学习资源，该项目旨在提高学习者的概念理解，并使他们更好地准备专业工作中的编程挑战。新手开发人员缺乏专业知识和自我指导的技能，需要（1）建立专业示例的概念模型;（2）实现专业功能;（3）应用专业概念来解决各种问题。本项目旨在帮助学习者克服这些挑战，随时可用的学习经验（RALE），一个理论模型和平台，支持自我导向学习：（1）支架意义构建，帮助学习者建立专业网站功能的概念模型;（2）支架过程管理，帮助学习者实现专业示例的概念;以及（3）搭建反思和表达的框架，以支持学习在不同问题中应用概念。为了在软件中实现RALE，研究人员将开发用于实现混合主动支架的计算技术，这些支架利用学习者创建的工件与自动化方法相结合来支持学习。该项目将使用基于设计的研究过程研究RALE模型的有效性，并生成经过验证的原则，以促进我们对真实学习环境的理解，为专业工作提供一个窗口。

Computing is changing our world, and there is an urgent need to train large numbers of professional developers to meet the demands of our nation's economy. While it is relatively easy to learn basic computing concepts, acquiring the conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills of professional developers is challenging. Learners currently lack the materials needed to support their progression from writing functional code to writing production-quality software. To address this gap, this project will develop new technologies that transform the entire web of professional examples into opportunities for authentic learning. Professional web applications provide rich details missing from training examples, and offer opportunities for learners to think in the modes of the discipline. By making professional websites available as a learning resource, this project aims to improve learners' conceptual understanding and better prepare them for programming challenges in professional work. Novice developers lack the expert knowledge and self-directed skills required to (1) build conceptual models of professional examples; (2) implement professional features; and (3) apply professional concepts to solve diverse problems. This project aims to help learners overcome these challenges with Readily Available Learning Experiences (RALE), a theoretical model and platform that supports self-directed learning by: (1) scaffolding sensemaking to help learners build conceptual models of professional website features; (2) scaffolding process management to help learners implement concepts from professional examples; and (3) scaffolding reflection and articulation to support learning to apply concepts across diverse problems. To realize RALE in software, the researchers will develop computational techniques for implementing mixed-initiative scaffolds that leverage learner-created artifacts in conjunction with automated methods to support learning. This project will study the effectiveness of the RALE model using a design-based research process and generate empirically-validated principles to advance our understanding of authentic learning environments that provide a window into professional work.