Collaborative Research: Chicxulub impact effects and the recovery of life using scientific drilling investigations at ground zero

合作研究：利用归零地科学钻探调查希克苏鲁伯撞击效应和生命恢复

• 批准号: 1736951
• 负责人: Timothy Bralower
• 金额: $ 19.33万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736951&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Chicxulub; impact; effects

The latest of Earth?s five largest mass extinction events occurred coeval with the impact of a ~14 km asteroid into the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), ending the Mesozoic Era. In April-May 2016, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), with co-funding from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), successfully cored with nearly 100% recovery from 505-1337 m below seafloor into the resulting 200 km-wide Chicxulub impact crater. These cores record an extraordinary sequence of impact and post-impact events. This project will investigate these unique cores further to understand the local and global effects of the only impact conclusively linked to a mass extinction event. This research is part of a larger international effort, including ~40 scientists from 14 countries, and also supports education and mentoring at the graduate and post-graduate level. Project researchers will continue to engage in outreach and education through media interviews, museum displays, and other activities to highlight the research to the general public. The recent IODP-ICDP drilling expedition at Chicxulub recovered the first-ever samples of an unequivocal peak ring. A peak ring is a discontinuous ring of mountains observed within the central basin of all large impact craters on rocky planets. The discovery that Chicxulub?s peak ring consists of largely granitic crust uplifted by ~10 km calibrates impact models, allows for observation of impact processes, and for a first-order assessment of the environmental consequences of the impact (?kill mechanisms?). Newly recovered cores include the uplifted target rocks: melt-rich impact generated rock types, hydrothermal deposits, a tsunami bed coupled with a settling layer, and the resumption of carbonate sedimentation. These lithologies record processes spanning from minutes to millions of years post-impact. The proposed work will: 1. Reconstruct thermal history of the peak ring and the duration of the impact-induced hydrothermal system to determine how these processes affected the return of life to the crater.2. Compare rock fragments in the impact rocks to pre-impact stratigraphy to quantify the volatiles released and constrain models of impact-induced climate change and extinction. 3. Find the first conclusive evidence of the asteroid within the crater to tie to global K-Pg boundary records and identify the possible influence of metal toxicity.4. Investigate the fossil record of the boundary sequence, in concert with the sedimentology, stratigraphy, and environmental chemistry, to illuminate possible killing mechanisms and determine the pace and timing of the recovery within the crater from the weeks after the impact through the early Paleocene.

地球的最新消息？地球上5次最大的物种灭绝事件与一颗直径约14公里的小行星撞击墨西哥尤卡坦半岛同时发生，结束了中生代。2016年4月至5月，在国际大陆科学钻探计划（ICDP）的共同资助下，国际海洋发现计划（IODP）成功地从海底以下505-1337米处取芯，采收率接近100%，进入了200公里宽的希克苏鲁伯陨石坑。这些岩心记录了一系列非同寻常的撞击和撞击后事件。该项目将进一步调查这些独特的岩心，以了解唯一与大规模灭绝事件有决定性联系的撞击对当地和全球的影响。这项研究是一个更大的国际努力的一部分，包括来自14个国家的约40名科学家，还支持研究生和研究生水平的教育和指导。项目研究人员将继续通过媒体采访、博物馆展示和其他活动进行宣传和教育，向公众突出研究成果。最近在希克苏鲁伯进行的IODP-ICDP钻探探险首次发现了一个明确的峰环样本。峰环是在岩石行星上所有大型撞击坑的中央盆地中观察到的不连续的山脉环。希克苏鲁伯的发现？S峰环主要由隆起约10公里的花岗岩地壳组成，校准了撞击模型，允许观察撞击过程，并对撞击的环境后果进行一级评估(？杀机制?)。新发现的岩心包括隆起的目标岩石：富含熔体的冲击产生的岩石类型，热液矿床，海啸床与沉降层结合，以及碳酸盐沉积的恢复。这些岩性记录了撞击后几分钟到数百万年的过程。建议的工作将：1。重建峰环的热历史和撞击引起的热液系统的持续时间，以确定这些过程如何影响生命返回陨石坑。将撞击岩石中的岩石碎片与撞击前地层进行比较，以量化释放的挥发物，并约束撞击引起的气候变化和灭绝模型。3. 找到陨石坑内小行星的第一个确凿证据，将其与全球K-Pg边界记录联系起来，并确定金属毒性可能的影响。结合沉积学、地层学和环境化学，研究边界层序的化石记录，以阐明可能的杀伤机制，并确定撞击后数周至古新世早期陨石坑内恢复的速度和时间。

项目成果

Organic matter from the Chicxulub crater exacerbated the K–Pg impact winter

来自希克苏鲁伯陨石坑的有机物加剧了 KâPg 撞击冬季

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004596117
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Lyons, Shelby L.;Karp, Allison T.;Bralower, Timothy J.;Grice, Kliti;Schaefer, Bettina;Gulick, Sean P. S.;Morgan, Joanna V.;Freeman, Katherine H.
• 通讯作者: Freeman, Katherine H.

The Chicxulub impact and its environmental consequences

希克苏鲁伯的影响及其环境后果

• DOI: 10.1038/s43017-022-00283-y
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nature reviews
• 作者: Morgan, J.V.

Chicxulub and the Exploration of Large Peak-Ring Impact Craters through Scientific Drilling

希克苏鲁伯和通过科学钻探探索大型峰环撞击坑

• DOI: 10.1130/gsatg352a.1
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: GSA Today
• 作者: Kring, David A.;Claeys, Philippe;Gulick, Sean P.S.;Morgan, Joanna V.;Collins, Gareth S.
• 通讯作者: Collins, Gareth S.

Delayed calcareous nannoplankton boom-bust successions in the earliest Paleocene Chicxulub (Mexico) impact crater

• DOI: 10.1130/g46143.1
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: GEOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Jones, Heather L.;Lowery, Christopher M.;Bralower, Timothy J.
• 通讯作者: Bralower, Timothy J.