Collaborative Research: RUI: Building a mechanistic understanding of water column chemistry alteration by kelp forests: emerging contributions of foundation species

合作研究：RUI：建立对海带森林水柱化学变化的机械理解：基础物种的新贡献

• 批准号: 1737096
• 负责人: Robert Dunbar
• 金额: $ 20.32万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737096&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; Building; mechanistic

Kelp forest ecosystems are of ecological and economic importance globally and provide habitat for a diversity of fish, invertebrates, and other algal species. In addition, they may also modify the chemistry of surrounding waters. Uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, may play a role in ameliorating the effects of increasing ocean acidity on nearshore marine communities driven by rising atmospheric CO2. Predicting the capacity for kelp forests to alter seawater chemistry requires understanding of the oceanographic and biological mechanisms that drive variability in seawater chemistry. The project will identify specific conditions that could lead to decreases in seawater CO2 by studying 4 sites within the southern Monterey Bay in Central California. An interdisciplinary team will examine variations in ocean chemistry in the context of the oceanographic and ecological characteristics of kelp forest habitats. This project will support an early career researcher, as well as train and support a postdoctoral researcher, PhD student, thesis master's student, and up to six undergraduate students. The PIs will actively recruit students from underrepresented groups to participate in this project through Stanford University's Summer Research in Geosciences and Engineering (SURGE) program and the Society for Advancement of Hispanics/Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS). In addition, the PIs and students will actively engage with the management community (Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and California Department of Fish and Wildlife) to advance products based on project data that will assist the development of management strategies for kelp forest habitats in a changing ocean. This project builds upon an extensive preliminary data set and will link kelp forest community attributes and hydrodynamic properties to kelp forest biogeochemistry (including the carbon system and dissolved oxygen) to understand mechanistically how giant kelp modifies surrounding waters and affects water chemistry using unique high-resolution measurement capabilities that have provided important insights in coral reef biogeochemistry. The project sites are characterized by different oceanographic settings and kelp forest characteristics that will allow examination of relationships between kelp forest inhabitants and water column chemistry. Continuous measurements of water column velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and photosynthetically active radiation will be augmented by twice-weekly measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and nutrients as well as periods of high frequency sampling of all carbonate system parameters. Quantifying vertical gradients in carbonate system chemistry within kelp forests will lead to understanding of its dependence on seawater residence time and water column stratification. Additional biological sampling of kelp, benthic communities, and phytoplankton will be used to 1) determine contributions of understory algae and calcifying species to bottom water chemistry, 2) determine contributions of kelp canopy growth and phytoplankton to surface water chemistry and 3) quantify the spatial extent of surface chemistry alteration by kelp forests. The physical, biological, and chemical data collected across multiple forests will allow development of a statistical model for predictions of kelp forest carbonate system chemistry alteration in different locations and under future climate scenarios. Threshold values of oceanographic conditions and kelp forest characteristics that lead to alteration of water column chemistry will be identified for use by managers in mitigation strategies such as targeted protection or restoration.

海带森林生态系统在全球具有重要的生态和经济意义，为鱼类、无脊椎动物和其他藻类物种提供了栖息地。此外，它们还可能改变周围沃茨的化学性质。吸收二氧化碳（CO2）的巨型海带，Macrocystis pyrifera，可能会发挥作用，改善海洋酸度增加的影响，对近岸海洋群落驱动大气CO2上升。预测海带森林改变海水化学的能力需要了解驱动海水化学变化的海洋学和生物学机制。该项目将通过研究加州中部蒙特雷湾南部的4个地点，确定可能导致海水二氧化碳减少的具体条件。一个跨学科小组将在海带森林生境的海洋学和生态学特征的背景下研究海洋化学的变化。该项目将支持早期职业研究人员，以及培训和支持博士后研究人员，博士生，论文硕士生和多达六名本科生。PI将通过斯坦福大学的地球科学与工程夏季研究（SURGE）计划和西班牙裔/奇卡诺人和美洲原住民科学促进协会（SACNAS）积极招募代表性不足群体的学生参与该项目。此外，PI和学生将积极参与管理社区（蒙特利湾国家海洋保护区和加州鱼类和野生动物部），以推进基于项目数据的产品，这将有助于在不断变化的海洋中制定海带森林栖息地的管理策略。 该项目建立在一个广泛的初步数据集，并将海带森林群落属性和水动力学特性与海带森林生态地球化学（包括碳系统和溶解氧）联系起来，以机械地了解巨型海带如何改变周围的沃茨和影响水化学，使用独特的高分辨率测量能力，为珊瑚礁生态地球化学提供了重要的见解。项目地点的特点是不同的海洋环境和海带森林的特点，这将允许检查海带森林居民和水柱化学之间的关系。水柱流速、温度、溶解氧、pH值和光合有效辐射的连续测量将通过溶解无机碳、总碱度和营养物的每周两次测量以及所有碳酸盐系统参数的高频采样周期来增强。 量化海带森林内碳酸盐系统化学的垂直梯度，将有助于了解其对海水停留时间和水柱分层的依赖。对海带、底栖生物群落和浮游植物进行额外的生物采样，以1）确定林下藻类和钙化物种对底层水化学的贡献，2）确定海带冠层生长和浮游植物对地表水化学的贡献，3）量化海带森林对地表化学改变的空间范围。在多个森林中收集的物理，生物和化学数据将允许开发一个统计模型，用于预测不同地点和未来气候情景下的海带森林碳酸盐系统化学变化。将确定导致水柱化学性质改变的海洋学条件和海带林特征的阈值，供管理人员用于有针对性的保护或恢复等减缓战略。

项目成果

Flow and Drag in a Seagrass Bed

海草床中的流动和阻力

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jc014862
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Monismith, Stephen G.;Hirsh, Heidi;Batista, Natasha;Francis, Holly;Egan, Galen;Dunbar, Robert B.
• 通讯作者: Dunbar, Robert B.

Drivers of Biogeochemical Variability in a Central California Kelp Forest: Implications for Local Amelioration of Ocean Acidification

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jc016320
• 发表时间: 2020-11-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Hirsh, Heidi K.;Nickols, Kerry J.;Dunbar, Robert B.
• 通讯作者: Dunbar, Robert B.

Limited biogeochemical modification of surface waters by kelp forest canopies: Influence of kelp metabolism and site‐specific hydrodynamics

海带森林冠层对地表水的有限生物地球化学改变：海带代谢和特定地点流体动力学的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11999
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Traiger, Sarah B.;Cohn, Brian;Panos, Demetra;Daly, Margaret;Hirsh, Heidi K.;Martone, Maria;Gutierrez, Isabella;Mucciarone, David A.;Takeshita, Yuichiro;Monismith, Stephen G.
• 通讯作者: Monismith, Stephen G.