Collaborative Research: Climate, human and ecosystem interactions in the face of a rapidly changing North Asian biome

合作研究：面对快速变化的北亚生物群系，气候、人类和生态系统的相互作用

• 批准号: 1737687
• 负责人: William Honeychurch
• 金额: $ 51.44万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737687&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Climate; human; ecosystem

In many parts of the globe environmental change and socio-economic conditions are increasingly tied together producing regional vulnerabilities that are still poorly understood and under-anticipated. Northern Asia, and particularly the subarctic zone of southern Siberia and northern Mongolia, has experienced rates of warming that are so far unprecedented elsewhere and provide an opportunity for the early study of human and environmental impacts due to global warming. A Mongolian-American collaborative research team will investigate the three way relationship between pastoral nomadic food production, environmental robustness, and climate fluctuation in order to better understand principles of human organization that serve to sustainably manage this complex relationship. Pastoral nomadism is an indigenous Arctic and subarctic subsistence economy that sustains numerous populations from Mongolia to the Arctic Ocean and is known for its flexibility, stewardship of rangelands, and productive success within small-scale societies as well as nation states. By comparing early historical pastoralism and its socio-economic organization to environmental conditions and climate variation over more than a millennium, this project provides a deep-time perspective on sustainable and unsustainable practices in use today under a changing climate regime. This research aims to promote successful adaptation to environmental change on behalf of a broad spectrum of communities and lifeways and across national borders. The researchers believe that this research will help to sustain systems of indigenous food production throughout northernmost Asia with emphasis placed on maintaining local environments. The results have broader applicability to other pastoral nomadic regions of the world, most notably the African continent in terms of environmental and land use policy making. The project strengthens interdisciplinary collaboration and provides hands-on training for U.S. and Mongolian junior scholars, undergraduates, and graduate students in climatic bio-social science and cross-disciplinary research integration. The project framework relies on a combination of high-resolution historical and environmental data that will be analyzed as time series and compared across two time scales: a short sequence of 25 years (1990 to present) and a long-sequence of 1300 years (700 AD to present). Data from the past quarter-century will comprise 1) trends in forest productivity as revealed by the tree-ring record; 2) trends in steppe productivity; 3) ethnohistorical and ethnographic evidence of human use of these ecosystems in relation to recent socio-economic change; and 4) livestock population and mortality data. Contemporary patterns will be contextualized by more than one thousand years of climatic and socio-cultural observations. These will be compiled from tree-ring analysis, lake core and palynological studies, and from archaeological research, all of which provide alternate environmental indicators as well as a record of the relationship between nomadic pastoralists and the northern forest ecosystem. By juxtaposing the trajectory of the forest-steppe and human communities over time, this research develops new approaches and insight to the linkages between ecosystems, climate, human culture, and policy that promote long-term sustainability. Data and results will be widely disseminated through publications and public outreach but principally will be shared with and developed for the indigenous communities that rely on pastoralism across the Asian Arctic and subarctic biomes.

在地球仪的许多地方，环境变化和社会经济条件越来越紧密地联系在一起，从而产生了人们仍然认识不足和预期不足的区域脆弱性。 北方亚洲，特别是西伯利亚南部和北方蒙古的亚北极地区，经历了迄今为止在其他地方前所未有的变暖速度，为早期研究全球变暖对人类和环境的影响提供了机会。 一个蒙古-美国合作研究小组将调查游牧民族的粮食生产、环境稳定性和气候波动之间的三种关系，以更好地了解人类组织的原则，这些原则有助于可持续地管理这种复杂的关系。 游牧是北极和亚北极地区的一种土著生计经济，维持着从蒙古到北冰洋的众多人口，并以其灵活性，牧场管理和小规模社会以及民族国家的生产成功而闻名。 通过将早期历史畜牧业及其社会经济组织与一千多年来的环境条件和气候变化进行比较，该项目提供了在不断变化的气候制度下当今使用的可持续和不可持续做法的深层时间视角。 这项研究的目的是促进成功地适应环境变化的代表广泛的社区和生活方式和跨越国界。 研究人员认为，这项研究将有助于维持整个亚洲最北部的土著粮食生产系统，重点是维护当地环境。 结果有更广泛的适用性，以其他牧区游牧地区的世界，最显着的非洲大陆的环境和土地使用政策的制定。 该项目加强了跨学科合作，并为美国和蒙古的初级学者，本科生和研究生提供气候生物社会科学和跨学科研究整合方面的实践培训。该项目框架依赖于高分辨率历史和环境数据的组合，这些数据将作为时间序列进行分析，并在两个时间尺度上进行比较：25年的短序列（1990年至今）和1300年的长序列（公元700年至今）。 过去四分之一世纪的数据将包括：（1）树木年轮记录所揭示的森林生产力趋势;（2）草原生产力趋势;（3）人类利用这些生态系统与最近社会经济变化有关的人种历史和人种学证据;（4）牲畜数量和死亡率数据。当代模式将根据一千多年来的气候和社会文化观察而定。将根据树木年轮分析、湖泊核心和孢粉学研究以及考古研究汇编这些资料，所有这些资料都提供了替代环境指标以及游牧牧民与北方森林生态系统之间关系的记录。 通过将森林草原和人类社区随时间推移的轨迹并列，这项研究为生态系统，气候，人类文化和促进长期可持续性的政策之间的联系开发了新的方法和见解。 将通过出版物和公共宣传广泛传播数据和结果，但主要将与亚洲北极和亚北极生物群落中依赖畜牧业的土著社区分享并为他们制定数据和结果。

项目成果

The Technological and Chronological Implication of 14C Concentrations in Carbon Samples Extracted from Mongolian Cast Iron Artifacts

从蒙古铸铁文物中提取的碳样品中 14C 浓度的技术和年代意义

• DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2019.4
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Radiocarbon
• 影响因子: 8.3
• 作者: Park, J S;Honeychurch, W;Chunag, A
• 通讯作者: Chunag, A

Nomadic innovation in small-scale iron acquisition inspired by and dedicated to marginal steppe environments of Mongolia

受蒙古边缘草原环境启发并致力于小规模铁收购的游牧创新

• DOI: 10.1007/s12520-023-01714-7
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Park, Jang-Sik;Gardner, William;Burentogtokh, Jargalan
• 通讯作者: Burentogtokh, Jargalan

Micro-Scale Iron Smelting in Early Iron Age to Mongol Period Steppe Communities of North-Central Mongolia and its Implications

• DOI: 10.1007/s41826-020-00031-5
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Asian Archaeology
• 作者: J. Park;W. Gardner;Jargalan Burentogtokh

The earliest Bronze Age culture of the south-eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia

蒙古东南部戈壁沙漠最早的青铜时代文化

• DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2018.174
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Antiquity
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Wright, Joshua;Ganbaatar, Galdan;Honeychurch, William;Byambatseren, Batdalai;Rosen, Arlene
• 通讯作者: Rosen, Arlene

The earliest herders of East Asia: Examining Afanasievo entry to Central Mongolia

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2021.100264
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Archaeological Research in Asia
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: W. Honeychurch;L. Rogers;Chunag Amartuvshin;E. Diimaajav;N. Erdene-Ochir;M. Hall;Michelle Hrivnyak