Dimensions: Collaborative Research: Genome structure and adaptive evolution in peatmosses (Sphagnum): ecosystem engineers

维度：合作研究：泥炭藓（Sphagnum）的基因组结构和适应性进化：生态系统工程师

• 批准号: 1737899
• 负责人: Arthur Shaw
• 金额: $ 118.58万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737899&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; Collaborative; Research; Genome; structure

Peatmosses comprise a diverse group of plants with over 300 species distributed throughout the world. In northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, they dominate wetlands and form extensive peatlands that harbor a broad diversity of microbes, other plants, and animals. Because of the build-up of peat (partially decomposed plant material), these peatlands have profound impacts on regional patterns of water movement, and the global cycling of atmospheric nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. It is estimated that almost one third of the earth's soil carbon is bound up in peatlands even though these habitats account for only about 10% of the land surface area. The goals of this research are to use peatmosses as a model to better understand the connections between DNA sequence variation, plant traits, and ecological function. This research provides a unique opportunity to connect gene composition and variation to the plant traits encoded by those genes, and investigate how these plant traits affect ecosystem function. Undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral researchers will be trained in diverse genomic, evolutionary, computational, and ecological methods and analysis, including laboratory exchanges among the collaborating institutions. Results will be disseminated broadly to the public via field courses and an illustrated publically accessible, online database about peatmosses. This research integrates broad-level phylogenetics, common garden experiments of a widely-distributed Sphagnum species, and genus-wide comparative genomic studies to understand how adaptive processes occurring within species scale up to and explain diversification of the genus on a worldwide scale. Whole genome DNA sequences will be assembled for 96 Sphagnum species representing the worldwide range of the genus. These data will then be used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among species and assess genus-wide genomic variation. Analyses of these data will then test for correlations among phylogenetic patterns, distributional range, ecological breadth, and variation in ecologically important phenotypic traits. Plants of Sphagnum magellanicum, which occurs from arctic to tropical regions, will be collected across a latitudinal gradient and grown under experimental conditions to assess photosynthetic responses to environmental factors including day length and temperature, and population differentiation in physiological response. Gene expression responses in experimental plants will be measured using RNA sequencing to better understand the genetic basis of local physiological adaptation. Whole genome DNA sequences of different S. magellanicum populations will be assembled to assess variation in gene content within a single species (Pan genome structure). Comparing these population-level data with whole genome sequence data from species spanning the Sphagnum genus will identify how many of these genes are shared with other peatmoss species. One specific prediction these data will be used to test is whether inducible physiological responses in tropical plants of a widespread species have become fixed and constitutive in tropical Sphagnum species.

泥炭包括一组不同的植物，有300多个物种分布在世界各地。 在北方的北方地区，它们占据了湿地的主导地位，并形成了广泛的泥炭地，那里有各种各样的微生物、其他植物和动物。 由于泥炭（部分分解的植物材料）的积累，这些泥炭地对水运动的区域模式以及大气氮，二氧化碳和甲烷的全球循环产生了深远的影响。 据估计，地球上几乎三分之一的土壤碳都被束缚在泥炭地中，尽管这些栖息地只占陆地表面积的10%左右。本研究的目的是使用泥炭作为模型，以更好地了解DNA序列变异，植物性状和生态功能之间的联系。这项研究提供了一个独特的机会，将基因组成和变异与这些基因编码的植物性状联系起来，并研究这些植物性状如何影响生态系统功能。本科生，研究生和博士后研究人员将接受不同的基因组学，进化，计算和生态学方法和分析的培训，包括合作机构之间的实验室交流。 研究结果将通过实地课程和一个图文并茂的、可供查阅的关于泥炭质的在线数据库向公众广泛传播。这项研究整合了广泛的植物遗传学，广泛分布的泥炭藓物种的常见花园实验，以及全属范围的比较基因组研究，以了解物种内发生的适应过程如何扩大并解释全球范围内的物种多样性。全基因组DNA序列将组装96个泥炭藓物种代表世界范围内的属。 这些数据将用于重建物种间的系统发育关系，并评估全属的基因组变异。 然后，对这些数据的分析将测试系统发育模式、分布范围、生态宽度和生态重要表型性状变异之间的相关性。从北极到热带地区出现的泥炭藓植物将在纬度梯度上收集，并在实验条件下生长，以评估光合作用对环境因素的反应，包括白天的长度和温度，以及生理反应中的种群分化。 将使用RNA测序来测量实验植物中的基因表达反应，以更好地理解局部生理适应的遗传基础。不同S.将组装麦哲伦种群以评估单个物种内基因含量的变异（泛基因组结构）。 将这些群体水平的数据与来自泥炭藓属物种的全基因组序列数据进行比较，将确定这些基因中有多少与其他泥炭藓物种共享。 一个具体的预测，这些数据将被用来测试是否诱导生理反应在热带植物的一个广泛的物种已成为固定和组成的热带泥炭藓物种。

项目成果

Natural selection on a carbon cycling trait drives ecosystem engineering by Sphagnum (peat moss)

碳循环特征的自然选择驱动泥炭藓（泥炭藓）的生态系统工程

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing papers of a biological character
• 作者: Piatkowski, B. T.;Yavitt, J. B.;Turetsky, M. R.;Shaw, A. J.
• 通讯作者: Shaw, A. J.

Phylogenomic structure and speciation in an emerging model: the Sphagnum magellanicum complex (Bryophyta)

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.18429
• 发表时间: 2022-08-30
• 期刊: NEW PHYTOLOGIST
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Shaw, A. Jonathan;Piatkowski, Bryan;Hicks, Karen A.
• 通讯作者: Hicks, Karen A.