Chemical Transport in the Atmosphere of Venus

自20世纪70年代初以来，金星一直被航天器研究。 最近，金星在2006年至2014年期间被金星快车太空使命观测到，现在又被晓号太空使命持续观测。 利用这几十年来收集的数据，并使用新的、最先进的行星大气环流模型，首席研究员将对金星上的气体和颗粒（如SO2、OH和雾霾）进行建模。 他将研究化学成分和大气流动如何在金星大气中联合收割机结合。 他将通过观察与金星表面位置、金星表面高度和时间相关的化学和大气运动，将模型结果与观测结果进行比较。 该项目通过推进我们对金星的了解来服务于国家利益，金星的大小和位置接近地球，特别是其大气层。 学生们将参与本研究的各个部分，包括为Science on a Sphere显示器制作金星大气的动画。本项目将使用1维、2维和3维光化学传输模型（CTM），包括金星上的微观物理学和光化学以及热化学的表示，研究金星大气中从地面到120公里以上的大规模化学示踪剂传输。 CTM将由最先进的三维金星大气环流模型中产生的环流模式和涡动动力学驱动。 利用观测数据，PI将模拟化学示踪剂，包括许多气态物质和凝结粒子，如SO2，OH自由基和霾粒子，并将研究金星化学和大气环流模式之间的相互作用，如60公里左右的纬向超旋转，90公里以上的昼侧到夜侧环流，以及两者之间的过渡区。 PI将以四维方式（经度，纬度，高度和时间）比较观测的化学物质分布的模型和测量值，以进一步了解金星上的化学传输过程。

Venus has been studied by spacecraft since the early 1970s. Most recently, Venus has been observed by the space mission Venus Express from 2006 to 2014 and is now continuously observed by the space mission Akatsuki. Using the data collected across these decades and using new, state-of-the-art models of the circulation of the atmospheres of planets, the Principal Investigator will model the gases and particles such as SO2, OH, and haze at Venus. He will look at how chemical composition and atmospheric flow combine in Venus' atmosphere. He will compare model results to observations by looking at the chemistry and atmospheric motion tied to location on Venus' surface, height above Venus' surface, and time. This project serves the national interest by advancing progress in our understanding of the planet Venus, close in size and location to Earth, and especially its atmosphere. Students will work on all parts of this research including making an animation of the atmosphere of Venus for the Science on a Sphere display.This project will investigate large-scale chemical tracer transport in the atmosphere of Venus from the ground to above 120 km using 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional photochemical transport models (CTM) that include representations of microphysics and the photochemistry and thermochemistry on Venus. The CTMs will be driven by circulation pattern and eddy dynamics produced in a state-of-the-art 3-D Venus general circulation model. Using observational data, the PI will simulate the chemical tracers including many gaseous species and condensed particles such as SO2, OH radicals, and haze particles and will study the interaction between the Venus chemistry and general circulation patterns such as the zonal superrotation at around 60 km, dayside-to-nightside circulation above 90 km, and the transition region in between. The PI will compare models and measurements for the chemical species distributions from observations in a 4-D fashion (longitude, latitude, altitude and time) to understand further the chemical transport process on Venus.