Chemical Transport in the Atmosphere of Venus

自20世纪70年代初以来，航天器一直在研究金星。最近，从2006年到2014年，太空任务金星快车一直在观测金星，现在由太空任务Akatsuki连续观测金星。利用几十年来收集的数据，并使用新的、最先进的行星大气循环模型，首席研究员将对金星上的气体和粒子(如SO2、OH和雾霾)进行建模。他将研究金星大气中的化学成分和大气流动是如何结合的。他将通过观察与金星表面位置、金星表面高度和时间相关的化学物质和大气运动，将模型结果与观测结果进行比较。这个项目服务于国家利益，通过促进我们对金星的了解取得进展，金星在大小和位置上接近地球，特别是它的大气层。学生们将致力于这项研究的所有部分，包括为科学在球体显示器上制作金星大气的动画。该项目将使用1维、2维和3维光化学传输模型(CTM)来研究金星大气中从地面到120公里以上的大规模化学示踪剂传输，其中包括金星上的微物理、光化学和热化学的表示。CTMS将由最先进的3-D金星环流模式产生的环流模式和涡流动力学驱动。利用观测数据，PI将模拟包括许多气体物种和凝聚粒子(如SO2、OH自由基和雾霾粒子)的化学示踪，并将研究金星化学与大气环流模式之间的相互作用，如60公里左右的纬向超自转、90公里以上的昼夜环流以及介于两者之间的过渡区。PI将以4维方式(经度、纬度、海拔和时间)比较化学物种分布的模型和测量结果，以进一步了解金星上的化学运输过程。

Venus has been studied by spacecraft since the early 1970s. Most recently, Venus has been observed by the space mission Venus Express from 2006 to 2014 and is now continuously observed by the space mission Akatsuki. Using the data collected across these decades and using new, state-of-the-art models of the circulation of the atmospheres of planets, the Principal Investigator will model the gases and particles such as SO2, OH, and haze at Venus. He will look at how chemical composition and atmospheric flow combine in Venus' atmosphere. He will compare model results to observations by looking at the chemistry and atmospheric motion tied to location on Venus' surface, height above Venus' surface, and time. This project serves the national interest by advancing progress in our understanding of the planet Venus, close in size and location to Earth, and especially its atmosphere. Students will work on all parts of this research including making an animation of the atmosphere of Venus for the Science on a Sphere display.This project will investigate large-scale chemical tracer transport in the atmosphere of Venus from the ground to above 120 km using 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional photochemical transport models (CTM) that include representations of microphysics and the photochemistry and thermochemistry on Venus. The CTMs will be driven by circulation pattern and eddy dynamics produced in a state-of-the-art 3-D Venus general circulation model. Using observational data, the PI will simulate the chemical tracers including many gaseous species and condensed particles such as SO2, OH radicals, and haze particles and will study the interaction between the Venus chemistry and general circulation patterns such as the zonal superrotation at around 60 km, dayside-to-nightside circulation above 90 km, and the transition region in between. The PI will compare models and measurements for the chemical species distributions from observations in a 4-D fashion (longitude, latitude, altitude and time) to understand further the chemical transport process on Venus.