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Wind-driven Rainfall Microphysics: Raindrop Shape - Fall Velocity - Size Distribution under Wind Shear and Turbulence

风驱动降雨微物理：风切变和湍流下的雨滴形状 - 降落速度 - 尺寸分布

基本信息

批准号：
1741250
负责人：
Firat Testik
金额：
$ 43.06万
依托单位：
University of Texas at San Antonio
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-03-15 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1741250&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Wind driven Rainfall Microphysics Raindrop

项目摘要

Knowledge of the characteristics of raindrop size and shape is important for weather radar estimates of rainfall. Rainfall droplets can change in shape and speed as they fall to the ground, especially in situations where there are collisions with other droplets. This project will enable researchers to collect very high-resolution observations of raindrops and determine how they are affected by wind. Improved estimates of rainfall from weather radars will potentially impact flood forecasting and water resource management. The project also involves training and mentoring of early-career scientists, ensuring a diverse and highly capable future workforce.The research team will conduct an observational and analysis-based study to uncover the effect of wind on rainfall microstructure and whether microphysical quantities under the influence of wind can be predicted. Data for the study will come from a field site near UT-San Antonio, which includes the High-speed Optical Disdrometer (HOD) and other meteorological instruments. The project will address four main hypotheses: 1) Wind shear and turbulence induce flow/pressure field alterations/fluctuations around raindrops, 2) These alterations/fluctuations cause raindrop fall velocity deviations from predicted terminal values, 3) Broadening of the raindrop fall velocity distributions increases the raindrop-raindrop collision rates, and 4) Increased collision rates intensify drop size distribution evolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解雨滴的大小和形状特征对天气雷达估计降雨量是很重要的。雨滴在落到地面时会改变形状和速度，特别是在与其他水滴碰撞的情况下。该项目将使研究人员能够收集非常高分辨率的雨滴观测数据，并确定它们如何受到风的影响。改进天气雷达对降雨量的估计将可能影响洪水预报和水资源管理。该项目还包括培训和指导早期职业科学家，确保未来的劳动力多样化和高能力。研究团队将进行基于观测和分析的研究，以揭示风对降雨微结构的影响，以及风影响下的微物理量是否可以预测。该研究的数据将来自UT圣安东尼奥附近的一个现场，其中包括高速光学色散仪（HOD）和其他气象仪器。该项目将解决四个主要假设：1）风切变和湍流引起雨滴周围的流场/压力场改变/波动，2）这些改变/波动导致雨滴下落速度偏离预测的终端值，3）雨滴下落速度分布的加宽增加雨滴-雨滴碰撞率，碰撞率的增加加剧了液滴尺寸分布的演变。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。