PIRE-Sustainable Communities & Gold Supply Chains: Integrating Responsible Engineering & Local Knowledge to Design, Implement & Evaluate Sustainable Artisanal Mining in

PIRE-可持续社区

• 批准号: 1743749
• 负责人: Juan Lucena
• 金额: $ 387.89万
• 依托单位: Colorado School of Mines
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1743749&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PIRE; Sustainable; Communities; & Gold

Juan Lucena (PI), Elizabeth Holley, Jessica Smith, Nicole Smith, Kathleen Smits (Colorado School of Mines)This project brings together cutting edge engineering, social science scholarship, and community development to make artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) more sustainable. ASGM is common in mineral rich developing countries. This type of mining produces about 30% of the gold in the world used in jewelry, finances, electronics, aerospace, and medicine. ASGM causes large-scale deforestation, air/water contamination, and chronic human diseases, especially from the mercury used to process the ore. Despite these impacts, ASGM is a critical livelihood strategy for millions of people worldwide. Existing efforts to introduce sustainable ASGM practices, primarily through mercury-free processing technologies, have not achieved long-term sustainability because they are believed by miners to be inefficient or uneconomical. This project will break this trend by educating US engineers to co-design, implement and evaluate sustainable and culturally appropriate ASGM technologies and practices with miners and affected communities in Colombia and Peru. For the first time, US engineering faculty and students will work with Colombian and Peruvian faculty, students, and mining communities to develop improved technologies and techniques, coupled with social organizations, to make ASGM cleaner, safer, and more sustainable. While tackling this complex international problem, this project will contribute to developing a global US engineering workforce.ASGM systems are simultaneously social, technical, and ecological, involving miners and communities, geologic deposits, ecosystems, technologies, and scientific and engineering expertise. This project will break new scholarly ground by developing an integrated, community-centered approach to discovering how the multiple dimensions of ASGM production systems influence one another, in order to design, implement, evaluate, and ensure long-term sustainability of ASGM practices. Using a combination of social science, human-centered design, and engineering methods, this project will make at least 4 key scholarly contributions: 1) identifying the local knowledge that miners and affected communities hold on mercury exposure, on techniques for minimizing this exposure, and on environmental remediation strategies; 2) advancing engineering and social science research on the role of local knowledge in participatory environmental monitoring; 3) widening the ASGM social science and engineering literatures to include remediation; 4) testing criteria for Engineering for Sustainable Community Development in the real world. This project will also test how engineering students from two different educational models (training in humanitarian engineering vs. expanded curriculum in the humanities & social sciences) compare in how they understand the social context of engineering and how they work with non-US peers and communities. Through the project's affiliation with the Alliance for Responsible Mining, the Governors' Climate and Forests Task Force, and the networks of its Advisory Board, the project can expand its impact beyond Colombia and Peru into other countries as well as beyond gold mining into other minerals like cobalt.

Juan Lucena（PI），Elizabeth霍利，Jessica Smith，Nicole Smith，Kathleen Smits（科罗拉多矿业学院）该项目汇集了尖端工程，社会科学奖学金和社区发展，使手工和小规模金矿开采（ASGM）更具可持续性。小规模手工开采金矿在矿产丰富的发展中国家很常见。这种类型的采矿生产了世界上约30%的黄金，用于珠宝，金融，电子，航空航天和医药。手工和小规模采金业造成大规模森林砍伐、空气/水污染和慢性人类疾病，特别是来自加工矿石所使用的汞。尽管有这些影响，小规模手工采金业仍是全世界数百万人的重要生计战略。目前主要通过无汞加工技术引进可持续的手工和小规模采金业做法的努力尚未实现长期可持续性，因为矿工认为这些做法效率低或不经济。该项目将打破这一趋势，教育美国工程师与哥伦比亚和秘鲁的矿工和受影响社区共同设计、实施和评价可持续和文化上适当的小规模手工采金业技术和做法。美国工程学院的教师和学生将首次与哥伦比亚和秘鲁的教师、学生和采矿社区合作，开发改进的技术和工艺，并与社会组织合作，使小规模手工采金业更清洁、更安全、更可持续。在解决这一复杂的国际问题的同时，该项目将有助于培养一支全球性的美国工程队伍。小规模和小规模采金业系统同时具有社会、技术和生态方面的性质，涉及矿工和社区、地质矿床、生态系统、技术以及科学和工程专业知识。该项目将通过开发一种综合的，以社区为中心的方法来发现小规模手工采金业生产系统的多个层面如何相互影响，从而设计，实施，评估和确保小规模手工采金业实践的长期可持续性，从而开辟新的学术领域。结合社会科学、以人为本的设计和工程方法，本项目将做出至少4个关键的学术贡献：1）确定矿工和受影响社区对汞暴露、最大限度减少汞暴露的技术和环境补救策略的当地知识;（2）推进关于地方知识在参与性环境监测中的作用的工程和社会科学研究;（3）扩大小规模手工采金业社会科学和工程文献，将补救纳入其中; 4）真实的世界中可持续社区发展工程的测试标准。该项目还将测试来自两种不同教育模式（人道主义工程培训与人文社会科学扩展课程）的工程专业学生如何比较他们对工程的社会背景的理解以及他们如何与非美国同行和社区合作。通过该项目与负责任采矿联盟、州长气候和森林工作队及其咨询委员会网络的联系，该项目可以将其影响从哥伦比亚和秘鲁扩大到其他国家，并从金矿开采扩大到钴等其他矿物。

项目成果

Formalization, certification, and technology: the complex landscape of artisanal and small-scale gold mining interventions in Peru

正规化、认证和技术：秘鲁手工和小规模金矿开采干预措施的复杂景观

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Published Dissertation
• 作者: Martinez, G.

Humanitarian engineering, global sociotechnical competency, and student confidence: A comparison of in-person, virtual, and hybrid learning environments

人道主义工程、全球社会技术能力和学生信心：面对面、虚拟和混合学习环境的比较

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: American Society for Engineering Education
• 作者: Angelina Nicole Rivera, Jessica Smith

A review of the environmental and health implications of recycling mine tailings for construction purposes in artisanal and small-scale mining communities

• DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2021.101019
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: The Extractive Industries and Society
• 作者: J. R. Velásquez;Michelle Schwartz;Laura M. Phipps;O. Restrepo-Baena;Juan Lucena;K. Smits

Formalization is just the beginning: Analyzing post-formalization successes and challenges in Peru's small-scale gold mining sector

正规化只是开始：分析秘鲁小型金矿开采业正规化后的成功与挑战

• DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102390
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Resources Policy
• 影响因子: 10.2
• 作者: Martinez, Gerardo;Smith, Nicole M.;Malone, Aaron
• 通讯作者: Malone, Aaron

Coexistence of Large-Scale Mining with Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining—A Guide for Geologists

大规模采矿与手工和小型采矿的共存——地质学家指南

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: SEG discovery
• 作者: Elizabeth A. Holley