Collaborative Proposal: A High-Latitude Conjugate Area Array Experiment to Investigate Solar Wind - Magnetosphere - Ionosphere Coupling

合作提案：研究太阳风-磁层-电离层耦合的高纬度共轭面阵实验

• 批准号: 1744828
• 负责人: Zhonghua Xu
• 金额: $ 116.61万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1744828&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Latitude; Conjugate; Area

The Geospace environment comprises a complex system of interlaced domains that interacts with the incoming solar wind plasma flow and transfers its energy and momentum from the Earth's magnetosphere outer layers down to the ionosphere and upper atmosphere. These physical processes take place mainly on the Earth's dayside, diverting most of the energy along geomagnetic field lines toward both the northern and southern polar regions. Understanding this complex interaction process that couples both polar ionospheres is important for developing physical models that can describe and predict space weather disturbances and help mitigate their impacts on humans' technological systems - from near-Earth space assets down to electrical grids and long pipelines. There is a strong need to collect sufficient geophysical data to investigate the above-mentioned processes, particularly from the southern hemisphere. With this award, the grantees will build and deploy additional ground-based observations platforms in the East Antarctic Plateau, enhancing capabilities of the existing meridional array of already deployed autonomous, low-powered magnetometers. This will make the southern array of magnetometers two-dimensional and geomagnetically conjugate to similar instruments deployed in Greenland and Svalbard, thus making possible a global view of the magnetospheric regions where natural, ultra-low frequency electromagnetic waves are generated. The research involves young scientists who will operate remote Antarctic magnetometers and analyze collected data to investigate space weather events and validate models. This project expands the Virginia Tech's partnership with the University of New Hampshire, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Polar Research Institute of China, and Technical University of Denmark.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地球空间环境包括一个复杂的相互交织的域系统，与入射的太阳风等离子体流相互作用，并将其能量和动量从地球磁层外层向下传递到电离层和高层大气。这些物理过程主要发生在地球的昼面，将大部分能量沿着地磁场线转移到北方和南极地区。了解这种耦合两极电离层的复杂相互作用过程对于开发能够描述和预测空间天气扰动的物理模型并帮助减轻其对人类技术系统的影响至关重要-从近地空间资产到电网和长管道。迫切需要收集足够的地球物理数据，特别是从南半球收集数据，以调查上述过程。凭借该奖项，受赠者将在东南极高原建造和部署更多的地面观测平台，增强现有已部署的自主低功率磁力计子午线阵列的能力。这将使南部磁力计阵列与格陵兰岛和斯瓦尔巴群岛部署的类似仪器实现二维地磁共轭，从而使产生自然超低频电磁波的磁层区域的全球视图成为可能。该研究涉及年轻科学家，他们将操作远程南极磁力计并分析收集的数据，以调查空间天气事件并验证模型。该项目扩大了弗吉尼亚理工大学与新罕布什尔州大学、新泽西理工学院、中国极地研究所和丹麦技术大学的合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Small Satellite Formation Flying Simulation with Multi-Constellation GNSS and Applications to Future Multi-Scale Space Weather Observations

多星座GNSS小卫星编队飞行模拟及其在未来多尺度空间天气观测中的应用

• DOI: 10.33012/2019.16883
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation
• 作者: Peng, YuXiang;Scales, Wayne A.;Esswein, Michael C.;Hartinger, Michael D.
• 通讯作者: Hartinger, Michael D.

Multipoint Conjugate Observations of Dayside ULF Waves During an Extended Period of Radial IMF

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028364
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Xueling Shi;M. Hartinger;J. Baker;J. Ruohoniemi;D. Lin;Zhonghua Xu;S. Coyle;B. Kunduri;L. Ki

The 2021 Antarctic Total Eclipse: Ground Magnetometer and GNSS Wave Observations From the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian

• DOI: 10.1029/2022ja031142
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: S. Coyle;M. Hartinger;C. Clauer;J. Baker;I. Cnossen;M. Freeman;J. Weygand

Interhemispheric Comparisons of Large Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Relevant to GICs

与 GIC 相关的大型夜间磁扰动事件的半球间比较

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028128
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Engebretson, Mark J.;Kirkevold, Kathryn R.;Steinmetz, Erik S.;Pilipenko, Viacheslav A.;Moldwin, Mark B.;McCuen, Brett A.;Clauer, C. R.;Hartinger, Michael D.;Coyle, Shane;Opgenoorth, Hermann
• 通讯作者: Opgenoorth, Hermann

GMAG: An open-source python package for ground-based magnetometers

GMAG：用于地面磁力计的开源 python 包

• DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2022.1005061
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Murphy, Kyle R.;Rae, I. Jonathan;Halford, Alexa J.;Engebretson, Mark;Russell, Christopher T.;Matzka, Jürgen;Johnsen, Magnar G.;Milling, David K.;Mann, Ian R.;Kale, Andy
• 通讯作者: Kale, Andy