Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Coercive Use of Population Displacement in Civil Conflict

博士论文研究：国内冲突中强制使用人口流离失所

• 批准号: 1746447
• 负责人: Ron Hassner
• 金额: $ 2.06万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1746447&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Coercive; Use

This project examines how, when, and why armed groups intentionally displace civilians during civil wars. While forced displacement has become an increasingly massive feature of modern conflicts, there have been few attempts to systematically analyze its use as a weapon of war. This is of urgent concern given that the number of people displaced by violence and persecution worldwide recently surged to levels not seen since World War II. This project uses new quantitative and qualitative data collected from human rights records and reports on displacement in civil wars from 1945-2004, in addition to archival and interview data gathered through field research in Africa, to investigate different types of displacement orchestrated by combatants, the distinct motivations underlying these strategies, and the conditions under which they are likely to be employed. Identifying the factors that drive armed groups to uproot civilians will offer crucial insights for practitioners hoping to anticipate and manage displacement, and to prevent, mitigate, and resolve armed conflicts more broadly. In light of the widespread and well-documented security and humanitarian consequences of forced migration, this project has implications for the national security of the United States. As the first study to systematically examine population displacement strategies in wartime, there are several potentially transformative aspects of this research. It will broaden and deepen the literatures on forced migration, civil war, and political violence by (a) unpacking the black box of conflict induced displacement and showing that it can take different forms and serve different strategic and tactical functions, and (b) collecting, analyzing, and disseminating original data on coercive displacement in civil wars, including a first-ever cross-national data set. In addition, this study will speak to enduring questions in the conflict literature by highlighting unexplored ways in which armed actors overcome limited information about civilians' loyalties and affiliations, and by offering a plausible mechanism for explaining the indiscriminate use of violence against noncombatants. Finally, this research will contribute to theorizing non-lethal violence, which conflict scholars have tended to neglect even though it affects far more people than homicides.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目研究了武装团体在内战期间如何，何时以及为什么故意流离失所的平民。虽然强迫流离失所已成为现代冲突中越来越大的一个特征，但很少有人试图系统地分析其作为战争武器的使用。这是一个紧迫的问题，因为全世界因暴力和迫害而流离失所的人数最近激增到第二次世界大战以来的最高水平。该项目利用从人权记录和1945-2004年内战期间流离失所问题报告中收集的新的定量和定性数据，以及通过非洲实地研究收集的档案和访谈数据，调查战斗人员策划的不同类型的流离失所、这些战略背后的独特动机以及可能采用这些战略的条件。查明促使武装团体将平民赶出家园的因素，将为希望预测和管理流离失所问题以及更广泛地预防、缓解和解决武装冲突的从业人员提供至关重要的见解。鉴于强迫移徙造成的广泛和有据可查的安全和人道主义后果，该项目对美国的国家安全产生影响。作为第一项系统研究战时人口迁移策略的研究，这项研究有几个潜在的变革方面。它将通过以下方式拓宽和深化关于被迫迁移、内战和政治暴力的文献：（a）打开冲突导致的流离失所的黑匣子，并表明它可以采取不同的形式，并发挥不同的战略和战术功能;（B）收集、分析和传播关于内战中强迫流离失所的原始数据，包括有史以来第一个跨国数据集。此外，本研究报告将通过强调武装行为者克服关于平民忠诚和从属关系的有限信息的未探索的方式，并通过提供一个合理的机制来解释对非战斗人员滥用暴力，来讨论冲突文献中的持久问题。最后，这项研究将有助于理论化非致命暴力，冲突学者往往忽视，即使它影响的人远远超过凶杀案。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。