Collaborative Research: A Polarimetric Radar Climatology of Supercell Thunderstorms in the United States

合作研究：美国超级单体雷暴的偏振雷达气候学

• 批准号: 1748177
• 负责人: Michael French
• 金额: $ 35.95万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1748177&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Polarimetric; Radar; Climatology

Tornado warning lead times and false alarm rates have not improved significantly in recent years. The researchers funded under this award will use upgraded weather radar technology to determine if there are certain signals in the data that can be used to help improve understanding and forecasting of tornado development. The main societal impact of the work is related to public safety, through enhanced understanding and improved data to help operational forecasters provide warnings to the public. Students will also be trained in the latest methods, helping to provide a highly capable workforce.The National Weather Service completed their upgrade of the nation's weather radar system to dual-polarization capability in 2013, and since that point data has been collected on thousands of supercell thunderstorms. The research team plans to exploit this resource by developing a climatology of radar characteristics of supercell thunderstorms. The goal of the project is to establish definitive relationships between polarimetric variables and supercell characteristics, structure, and evolution. Automated methods will be used to select around 1000 cases that can be used to identify links among distinct polarimetric radar markers, supercell evolution, and near-storm environment parameters. The specific scientific objectives of the project are to: 1) distinguish between tornadic and non-tornadic supercells by identifying microphysical differences between the two sets, 2) compare polarimetric radar signatures and estimated drop size distributions to the near storm environment, and 3) determine how polarimetric signatures and estimated drop size distributions change during important storm processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

近年来，龙卷风警报的提前时间和误报率没有明显改善。 该奖项资助的研究人员将使用升级的天气雷达技术来确定数据中是否有某些信号可用于帮助改善对龙卷风发展的理解和预测。 这项工作的主要社会影响与公共安全有关，通过提高认识和改进数据，帮助业务预报员向公众提供警报。 学生们还将接受最新方法的培训，帮助提供一个高能力的劳动力。国家气象局在2013年完成了国家天气雷达系统的升级，使其具有双极化能力，从那时起，已经收集了数千个超级单体雷暴的数据。 研究小组计划通过开发超级单体雷暴的雷达特征气候学来利用这一资源。 该项目的目标是建立极化变量和超单体特征，结构和进化之间的明确关系。 自动化方法将用于选择大约1000个案例，这些案例可用于识别不同的极化雷达标记，超级单体演变和近风暴环境参数之间的联系。 该项目的具体科学目标是：1）通过识别两组之间的微物理差异来区分龙卷风和非龙卷风超级单体，2）将偏振雷达特征和估计的液滴尺寸分布与近风暴环境进行比较，和3）确定在重要的风暴过程中偏振信号和估计的液滴大小分布如何变化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Tornado Formation and Intensity Prediction Using Polarimetric Radar Estimates of Updraft Area

使用极化雷达估计上升气流区域来预测龙卷风的形成和强度

• DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-21-0087.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Weather and Forecasting
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: French, Michael M.;Kingfield, Darrel M.
• 通讯作者: Kingfield, Darrel M.

Dissipation Characteristics of Tornadic Vortex Signatures Associated with Long-Duration Tornadoes

与长持续时间龙卷风相关的龙卷风涡特征的耗散特征

• DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-18-0187.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: French, Michael M.;Kingfield, Darrel M.
• 通讯作者: Kingfield, Darrel M.

Rapid-Scan and Polarimetric Radar Observations of the Dissipation of a Violent Tornado on 9 May 2016 near Sulphur, Oklahoma

2016 年 5 月 9 日俄克拉荷马州萨尔弗附近猛烈龙卷风消散的快速扫描和偏振雷达观测

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0033.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: McKeown, Katherine E.;French, Michael M.;Tuftedal, Kristofer S.;Kingfield, Darrel M.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Reif, Dylan W.;Wienhoff, Zachary B.
• 通讯作者: Wienhoff, Zachary B.

Differentiating Between Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells Using Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Hydrometeor Size Sorting

使用水凝物尺寸分类的偏振雷达特征区分龙卷风和非龙卷风超级单体

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl088242
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Loeffler, Scott D.;Kumjian, Matthew R.;Jurewicz, Michael;French, Michael M.
• 通讯作者: French, Michael M.

Observed Bulk Hook Echo Drop Size Distribution Evolution in Supercell Tornadogenesis and Tornadogenesis Failure

观察到的超级单元龙卷发生和龙卷发生失败中的大钩回波液滴尺寸分布演化

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0353.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Tuftedal, Kristofer S.;French, Michael M.;Kingfield, Darrel M.;Snyder, Jeffrey C.
• 通讯作者: Snyder, Jeffrey C.