Collaborative Research: Comparison between In-situ and Polarimetric Radar Hail Observations in Convective Storms

合作研究：对流风暴中原位和偏振雷达冰雹观测的比较

• 批准号: 2221719
• 负责人: David Delene
• 金额: $ 27.76万
• 依托单位: University of North Dakota Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2221719&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Comparison; between; situ

The system of operational weather radars in the United States makes use of polarimetric observations, where radar beams are sent out in vertical and horizontal configurations to retrieve an estimate of the shapes of precipitation particles. This award will make use of existing polarimetric radar data and observations from a Storm Penetrating Aircraft (SPA) to improve estimates of the properties of hail from radar data. Hail is a public safety and economic hazard, and improved radar information about hail could provide operational forecasters with an additional tool to provide early warnings. Multiple students will be trained under this project and software used by the scientific community will be enhanced.The research team plans to revisit existing observations of hail that were made concurrently with a research aircraft and polarimetric radars to provide insight into how hail shapes, orientation, sizes, and concentrations influence radar signatures. The South Dakota School of Mines and Technology operated a T-28 storm penetrating aircraft under NSF support from 1987-2003. During that time, the aircraft was involved in 18 projects, many of which included measurements of hail using a hail spectrometer and cloud probes. These campaigns were often conducted within a close distance of a dual-polarimetric radar, including the CSU-CHILL and NCAR SPOL radars. In this project, existing analyses of these data will be augmented by the addition of new flights and flight periods, the inclusion of data from cloud and precipitation probes (2D-C, HVPS), and a unique source of data from a microphone that recorded the sound of hail hitting the aircraft windshield. The main tasks include: 1) Processing hydrometeor images from spectrometer probes, including the calculation of polarimetric radar signatures using discrete dipole and T-matrix software, 2) Analyzing radar data to identify the time the radar swept through the storm volume with the hail encounter and extraction of polarimetric parameters, and 3) Synthesis of the data, with objectives of comparing characteristics of conditions leading to better or worse agreement of computed and observed radar signatures, and evaluation of hail physical characteristics to which each computed polarimetric parameter is most sensitive.This project is co-funded by a collaboration between the Directorate for Geosciences and Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure to support AI/ML and open science activities in the geosciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国的操作天气雷达系统利用了极化观测，其中雷达梁以垂直和水平构型发送，以检索降水颗粒形状的估计值。 该奖项将利用现有的偏光雷达数据和风暴穿透飞机（SPA）的观察结果，以提高雷达数据中冰雹特性的估计。 冰雹是一种公共安全和经济危害，改进的有关冰雹的雷达信息可以为运营预报员提供提供早期警告的额外工具。 将在该项目下对多名学生进行培训，并将加强科学界使用的软件。研究团队计划重新审视现有的冰雹观察结果，这些观察与研究飞机和偏光雷达同时进行，以洞悉冰雹形状，方向，大小和集中度如何影响雷达签名。 南达科他州矿业和技术学院在1987 - 2003年的NSF支持下运营了T-28风暴穿透飞机。 在此期间，飞机参与了18个项目，其中许多项目包括使用冰雹光谱仪和云探针测量冰雹。 这些运动通常是在双极雷达（包括CSU-CHILL和NCAR SPOL雷达）的近距离距离内进行的。 在该项目中，通过增加新飞行和飞行期，云和降水探针（2D-C，HVP）的数据以及来自麦克风的独特数据来源，将增加对这些数据的现有分析，并记录了冰雹声音击中飞机挡风玻璃。 主要任务包括：1）从光谱仪探针中处理水透明图像，包括使用离散二极和T-Matrix软件计算极化雷达特征，2）分析雷达数据，以确定雷达在风暴量中扫除雷达的时间，并与冰雹相遇和更差异的范围差异或在偏振范围的情况下进行质量差异，以及与偏光参数相比的特征，以及与对客观的构成的特征，该数据的合成是综合的。和观察到的雷达签名，以及对每个计算的极化参数的冰雹身体特征的评估最敏感的。该项目由地球科学局与高级Cyber​​infrasture的办公室合作与支持AI/ML的高级Cyber​​intructure之间的合作，以支持AI/ML的AI/ML和开放科学活动。和更广泛的影响审查标准。